What is linseed oil and why is it needed. Drying oil for wood: types of compositions

Encyclopedia of Plants 03.03.2020

Encyclopedia of Plants

When building and decorating houses, wood is often used, because it is one of the most environmentally friendly materials. However, in order for the wooden elements of your home to last as long as possible, so that they are not destroyed by fungus and insects, they must be protected. This task is easily handled by a tool such as drying oil.

Application of impregnation

The use of drying oil allows you to increase the service life of wooden structural elements for decades. This is especially true for rafters, because they are constantly exposed to moisture. Drying oils are synthetic and natural, purely homogeneous, polydiene, synthetically modified, shale, coumarone-indene, etc. The use of this agent will not harm either people or animals. After all, it is based on vegetable oil (up to 97%). Impregnation of facade wooden elements with drying oil allows you to protect them from temperature extremes and air humidity and, of course, from atmospheric influences. When processing a wooden surface with this composition, a solid, but at the same time elastic, is formed on it, which protects the tree from external influences, including from damage by a fungus. Natural drying oil is made from sunflower, soybean oil. The best product is based on linseed oil.

Currently, there are many impregnations that have a chemical basis, with excellent, by the way, characteristics. But at the same time, drying oil has not lost its relevance. The use of natural impregnation, in addition to environmental friendliness, has another important advantage - this is the cheapness of such material. Basically, drying oil is intended for interior decoration, its use in outdoor work gives only a temporary effect, requiring further coating with oil or varnish. In the manufacture of putties, drying oil is also used. The use of such products protects wooden surfaces from decay. The use of drying oil as a pre-treatment also reduces the varnish when performing paintwork. Usually the product is applied in two or three layers, and after that the surface is painted. It is also recommended to heat the impregnation to a temperature of 80-90 degrees Celsius, and then apply it hot to the tree. Thus, a better and deeper penetration of the composition into the pores of the tree is achieved.

Drying oil: impregnation characteristics

Now drying oil of three types is common: natural, "Oksol" and composite. Natural impregnation consists of 97 percent natural oil, the remaining three percent is a desiccant (a substance that promotes rapid drying). Drying oil "Oksol" in its composition has only 55 percent oil (linseed or sunflower), forty percent white spirit and 5 percent desiccant. Such impregnation is cheaper than natural. Composite compositions are characterized by a pungent odor; they include petroleum polymer resins that serve as substitutes for natural resins, as well as other petrochemical products. This type of drying oil is the cheapest. Composite impregnations are not recommended for use in residential premises, even on balconies, because even after these compounds have dried, there is still a sharp characteristic smell.

In any repair and finishing work, as a rule, a lot of wood materials are used. To effectively protect the tree from the damaging effects of moisture, fungi and mold, it is impregnated with a layer of drying oil.

Peculiarities

In the days of the USSR, drying oil was practically the only tool that was used to process wooden buildings and individual products. Now the market for materials is much higher, the industry offers a large selection of more modern and practical coatings. However, admirers of drying oil exist to this day.

The use of drying oil can significantly increase the durability of wooden structures, which is especially true for rafters, since they are highly susceptible to water and condensation.

In addition, impregnation with this composition effectively protects the coating from temperature fluctuations, high humidity and destructive atmospheric influences of all types.

When processing wood with drying oil, a film is formed on it, which is hard, but at the same time plastic. It is she who protects the material from external adverse effects, as well as from the appearance of mold and the reproduction of fungus. It is drying oil that will prevent wood decay, and in addition, its use significantly minimizes the consumption of enamels and paint, which can be used as a finishing material. As a rule, drying oil is applied in 2-3 layers, and then only painted with paints.

Another undoubted advantage of the solution is its low price and availability. Primarily, drying oil is taken for interior finishing work, but the use in open space causes only a temporary effect, which requires mandatory coating with paints or varnishing in the future.

Specifications

The mechanism of action of drying oil is based on the physical properties of its constituent components.

If vegetable oil is applied to any surface and left in the fresh air, then under the influence of heat, sunlight and oxygen, it begins to thicken. If the oil is applied in a thin layer, then it dries up and forms a semi-solid composition.. This quality is characteristic of such oils, the main component of which are linolenic and linoleic acids. Moreover, the higher the concentration of these acids, the more pronounced they exhibit the property of hardening.

In oils of different types, the content of these components usually vary. For example, in linseed oil they account for 80%, in hemp - 70%, but in sunflower and nut oil their content is less - from 30 to 45%, well, in olive oil, acids make up 40%.

Mineral-based oils do not contain fatty acids at all, due to which they do not dry out in the air.

However, in its natural form without heat treatment, vegetable oils rarely oxidize, even if fatty acids are present in a significant amount. That's why to stabilize the wood and reduce the drying period, the composition is processed and desiccants are introduced into it- various metal salts, which significantly reduce the setting time of the oil. Thanks to this composition, drying oil after application can dry from 6 to 36 hours, but, as a rule, modern products harden in a day.

The shelf life of drying oil of any type is at least 3 years.

Kinds

Today, drying oils are presented on the market, differing in various compositions and scope of use.

Natural

This is a type of coating that is made from environmentally friendly raw materials and is therefore absolutely safe for human health. The desiccant included in the composition has a low percentage, so the curing rate of such a coating is slightly higher than that of other types of drying oil.

The natural product has a yellow color without foreign suspensions and sediments at the bottom of the container.

This product is manufactured in accordance with the requirements of GOST, according to which its technical parameters are established:

the proportion of oil to driers - 97 to 3;
absence of any smell of chemical reagents;
hardening at t 20-22 degrees;

hardening speed - 24 hours;
acidity level - below 5 mg / KOH;
the presence of components containing phosphorus - not more than 0.015%;
material density -0.95gr/m³.

Such drying oil is popular for processing wooden crates and other elements that do not require further painting.

Semi-natural

The main component of such drying oils are oils, the concentration of which is slightly lower in comparison with natural drying oils. As a rule, their share does not exceed 55% of the total volume. Base oils are diluted with desiccants and solvent. Such a product belongs to a lower price group than all other coating options and is most often used as an additive.

By the way, you can find out about its purpose by a special marking:

AT- added to varnishes and paints intended for outdoor use;
PV- used in the preparation of putties;
CM– combines with a primer to improve the quality of wall and ceiling coatings.

The solvent in the composition of the oxoli will give her a sharp unpleasant odor, which, moreover, does not disappear for quite a long time. The surface treated with a semi-natural composition wears out quite quickly, therefore, treated wood without fail needs finishing cladding with paints or enamels.

Combined

This type of drying oil is produced by oxidizing hardening natural oils and introducing a solvent, and the proportion of the latter to oils is approximately 30 to 70. This composition is practically not used for decorative finishing work, it is most widely used in the manufacture of oil paints of the K2 / K4 / K12 type - for internal works, and K3 / K5 - for facade.

The composition is transparent with a slight yellowish tint, the applied layer hardens in 24 hours.

Synthetic

The main difference between this type of drying oil and the rest is the use of a synthetic composition instead of natural oil, and such compositions do not have requirements according to GOST, their standards and standards for the ratio of the main components are regulated by TU.

As a rule, such products have a low price, however, their quality corresponds to the cost - the coating is not hygroscopic and has a very unpleasant odor. It does not make sense to use it for finishing.. Such drying oils have found application in the manufacture of plasters and putty mixtures.

compositional

The main components of such liquids are oxidized oils and gasoline diluted with rosin. Most often they take linseed, cottonseed, and also rapeseed oils. These drying oils suitable for tiling work as a base for enameling and varnishing.

Manufacturers

In Russia, drying oil is made by large paint and varnish enterprises:

"Kotovsky paint and varnish plant"(Tambov Region);
"Perm paint and varnish plant"(Permian);
"Management Company ZLKZ"(Sergiev Posad);

"Ufa Paint and Varnish Plant"(Bashkortostan);
"Azov Paint and Varnish Plant"(Rostov region);
"Bobrovsky Experimental Plant"(Sverdlovsk region).

For many decades, drying oil has been in ever-growing demand among consumers. That is why well-known and large enterprises are engaged in its manufacture.

The following brands are most in demand:

"Tex". This company sells drying oil already prepared for impregnation. It is available for sale in containers from 0.5 to 8 kg. Distinctive features of the products of this brand are a high hardening rate, a significant reduction in paint consumption during the finishing. Such drying oil can be bought as a primer.
"Coachman". Produces an impregnating agent in strict accordance with the requirements of GOST and all SanPiNs. The goods arrive in stores in packaged form, the weight of the container is 0.8-20 kg.

Isolate. It is considered one of the highest quality materials, packaging is made in containers from 0.5 to 200 liters. The disadvantage of this brand is the fact that they produce drying oil only to order and only in wholesale large quantities.
"Vesta-Color". Offers drying oil both wholesale and retail. The impregnation produced by this manufacturer is characterized by exceptional quality and excellent performance properties.
Himtek. Engaged in the production of oxols for over two decades. The product of this brand has a decent quality and an affordable price for the average Russian. It comes to stores in containers of various volumes, so that each consumer can buy a package that meets his scope of work.

Drying oil of the listed brands has been proving its practicality and high quality for many years, which is why when choosing an impregnation, these manufacturers should be preferred.

How to do it yourself?

If you do not have the opportunity to go to a hardware or hardware store, but a lot of vegetable oil has accumulated at home, then it is quite possible to make drying oil with your own hands. Most often, linseed and sunflower oils are used at home.

For home-made impregnation based on linen composition, you will need:

metal container (basin or bucket, pan or ladle);
heat source (gas or electric stove);
rosin;
potassium permanganate;
personal protective equipment (respirator and rubber gloves).

The technology for making drying oil is simple: first, the oil is poured into a vessel and gradually brought to a boil - it occurs at t 110 degrees. At this point, the oil begins to release the water contained in its composition, it begins to evaporate and bubbles form on the surface. Thus, the oil is boiled for about 4 hours. Wherein it is important that the temperature of the liquid does not exceed 160 degrees.

Attention: drying oil is a combustible material of an increased fire hazard class, therefore it is impossible to fill the oil tank to the top - the container should be filled no more than halfway.

At the end of evaporation, a desiccant is introduced into the thickened drying oil in a ratio of 30 g of the substance per liter of oil. At the time of adding this component, strong foaming begins, which can lead to injuries and burns. To prevent this from happening desiccant is introduced gradually in small portions, after which the thermal effect is increased to 200 degrees and the composition continues to cook for another 3-5 hours.

To check the degree of readiness of the solution, you need to place a small drop of "home-grown" drying oil on ordinary glass, and if it is transparent, then the solution can be used.

As the main desiccant, a mixture of rosin with potassium permanganate is used in a ratio of 20 to 1, and first the rosin is brought to melting, and only then permanganate is mixed into it.

Sunflower drying oil also reliably protects wood or plywood, like flax-based liquid, the only difference is in the finish shade - drying oil in sunflower oil will give a lighter tone.

Whatever method of self-preparation of drying oil is chosen, the main principle remains the need to remove all water from the composition of the oil and achieve the oxidation of all kinds of impurities. This can only be achieved by a long heat treatment, so you need to be patient and protective equipment and take care to comply with fire safety rules and good ventilation.

Scope of use

The scope of drying oil is directly related to its varieties and composition.

So, natural solutions are widely used for priming surfaces made of wood and metal, as well as porous plastered coatings. In addition, the material is used for diluting putties, thick paints, lubricating pastes and all kinds of putties. Linen impregnations are often treated with doors and window spans before finishing painting.

Hemp drying oil is only suitable for priming coatings of all types, breeding enamels, paints and making putty.

Drying oil-oxol has physical and technical characteristics, thanks to which its joint use with a wide variety of painting materials is possible. It is noted that oxol films have good density and glossy sheen, as well as resistance to external adverse factors. Such drying oil is deeply absorbed into any treated surface, therefore it is used to protect wood-burning buildings, rafters and ceilings. However, it is not recommended to use it for finishing the floor.

The combined composition is a polymer olive obtained as a result of dehydration of oils with the addition of white spirit (its percentage is 30%), such drying oil has found its application in the manufacture of thick paints.

Alkyd impregnation is formed from resins diluted with chemical solvents and various modified oils. These solutions are more practical and economical than natural ones, since only 300 kg of oil is taken to produce 1 ton of such drying oil. Similar compositions are optimal for wood processing and its protection from the adverse effects of atmospheric factors.

Composite drying oil has a relatively low cost, so the demand for it is consistently high. It is used for effective dilution of enamels during various painting works.. It is not worth taking it for impregnation, since almost the entire film will remain on the surface of the wood. It should be noted that this composition has a rather sharp unpleasant odor, and it is rather problematic to get rid of it from the room. Therefore, all work is best done either outdoors or in an apartment with good ventilation.

Summarizing all of the above, we can conclude that the main areas of use of drying oil can be considered:

priming of plastered surfaces and concrete for painting;
production of putties and mastics;
impregnation of wood products;
putty production;
high-quality preparation of thickly ground paints for work;
dilution of liquid paints and enamels.

Consumption per 1 m²

For surface treatment, drying oil is applied quite abundantly, this allows the wood fibers to soak well. If deep penetration of the composition is required, then the drying oil should be heated to 80-90 degrees.

For to process 1 square meter of surface, you need 130 ml of drying oil. As a rule, this volume is enough for 2-3 layers. However, in some cases there is a need for additional impregnation.

If drying oil is used to dilute the paint, then there is no strict proportion in which the compositions must be diluted - oil is injected until the paint reaches a consistency suitable for work, that is, until the composition acquires the desired degree of density. This method allows you to significantly reduce the consumption of paint and, accordingly, the cost of it without the slightest damage to the quality of painting work.

Application

Let us dwell a little on the technology of using drying oil for wood impregnation.

To begin with, all wooden elements are cleaned of dust, dirt and degreased. To apply a layer of drying oil, use a brush with long bristles, a paint roller, a paint sprayer, or a simple cotton cloth. The most important thing is that as much of the oil composition as possible is applied to the wood coating..

After the drying oil is absorbed, you need to apply another layer and thus repeat the steps until the treated surface is unable to absorb it.

Important: sometimes, after using drying oil, a little impregnation remains, as well as the tools with which it was applied. It should be remembered that the impregnation refers to materials with a high class of fire hazard and any fabric that the drying oil gets on is prone to fire. Therefore, they must be stored in a well-protected place away from the source of fire.

Drying time

The hardening time of drying oil directly depends on the type of impregnation and the method of its application:

Small products are hot impregnated in a hot water bath - the processed material is placed in a tank with hot oil for 4-8 hours, and then dried for about 5 days.
If a little red lead is introduced into such drying oil, then the tree will be ready for use much faster - in 2-3 days.
Oil impregnation with the addition of kerosene dries for about 48-72 hours, but compositions based on drying oil, turpentine and paraffin will be ready for use after 2 days.
Drying oil with the inclusion of wax also dries for about 2 days. In rare cases, it may take 3 days for complete impregnation and hardening.

When buying drying oil, it is very important to focus on the following points:

Natural drying oil always has a dark brown color, so if you have a transparent liquid in front of you, then there is a high probability that this is a composite composition or simply a fake.
The bottle should not contain any suspensions and impurities of foreign substances.
Pay special attention to the composition of the proposed product, which is indicated on the label and on the label itself. It must necessarily indicate the manufacturer of drying oil and its coordinates, as well as the GOST or TU used and instructions for use.

now it is one of the most fashionable and popular building and finishing materials due to its two main characteristics: environmental friendliness and aesthetics.

But at the same time, wood does not differ in high strength and durability in comparison with other modern materials. Natural wood requires a special processing technology and additional protection; for this purpose, various impregnations, mastics, etc. are used.

Drying oil, almost forgotten in recent years due to the abundance of new products from foreign manufacturers in this category, is again in increasing demand - the effect is almost the same, but the price is much more affordable.

What is drying oil for and how to use it correctly when finishing or other buildings (for example, gazebos or baths) made of wood?

Drying oil is a traditional paint and varnish material widely used in construction and painting works several decades ago.

Under the Soviet Union, this was perhaps the only means by which products and buildings were processed. He has his ardent admirers to this day.

Using drying oil for wooden walls

Drying oil helps to reduce paint consumption, therefore it is often applied to wood not only as a protective layer, but also as a primer for painting. How to do it right?

Everything is extremely simple. Shake the bottle with the product, or pour into a large container and stir.

Additional Information

Drying oil can be used for priming not only wooden walls, but also plastered ones. It is also often used as an anti-corrosion coating for metals.

It is important to choose the right type of tool. A modern manufacturer produces drying oil of three varieties, different in composition and properties:

Natural drying oil. 95% consists of vegetable oil, and only 5% - from a desiccant, a special additive that accelerates the drying of the treated surface.

It is unprofitable to use it for outdoor processing due to high financial costs, while this species does not provide 100% protection against fungus and insects.

Oil paints are diluted with natural drying oil and wooden surfaces are primed before painting or varnishing.

Oksol. 55% natural oil component, 40% solvent, white spirit, 5% desiccant. The scope and properties of this variety of drying oil are the same as natural ones, only it dries faster and costs less.

It also does not provide 100% protection. For more information, why Oxol drying oil is needed and what it consists of in the video:

Composite drying oil is made entirely of artificial chemical components, in particular, petroleum polymer resins, and has a pungent odor.

The best are drying oils based on alkyd resins. They are not as greasy and expensive as natural drying oils, and not as toxic as composite ones. But, nevertheless, it is better to use them for finishing summer outdoor buildings (porch, swing, gazebo, summer kitchen) and for the interior rooms of a country house and apartment.

Choose more modern, purified, reliable and safe formulations.

Drying oil is a good alternative to modern expensive means for impregnating and priming wooden surfaces.

But remember that some of its types can be toxic and are not suitable for residential use.

If you need guaranteed protection from external factors, drying oil alone is indispensable.

Drying oil types

This material is of 3 types: natural, composite and oxol. Natural drying oil contains natural vegetable oils, moreover, usually linseed and much less often sunflower. In its structure, oil occupies 97%, and the remaining 3% are driers, which contribute to rapid drying. Natural drying oil is used for diluting thick paints, for impregnating wooden structures inside the building. Experts recommend not using drying oil for outdoor work, because it is impractical and quite expensive.

The cheapest and most odorous type is composite drying oil. It is not approved by any state standards that would strictly regulate its composition. The composition of the drying oil contains components that serve as a replacement for natural, petropolymer resins and other by-products of the oil industry. External and internal walls cannot be treated with this material, as it is toxic, harmful to human health, and even after drying it exudes an unpleasant odor.

Oksol contains linseed or sunflower oil (55%), white spirit (40%) and desiccant (5%). After it dries, a durable film appears that has hardness, water resistance and elasticity. Usually wooden and plastered surfaces inside the building are treated with oxol. If it is applied to plaster, it will increase its adhesion to oil, dispersion, alkyd paints and fillers. Oxol is good for both outdoor and indoor work, but do not forget that it preserves the surface only for a while, so after it you need to use enamel, paint or varnish.

The cheapest oxol is made from sunflower oil, it is used to treat plastered surfaces inside the building. Outside, it is only suitable for surfaces that are under some kind of canopy and protected from moisture. From above, such drying oil is also covered with oil paint against decay.

How to choose drying oil?

When buying composite drying oil, care must be taken so that there is no sediment in its composition. It is left by natural vegetable oil, and such material does not dry out.

Working with a drying oil from a petroleum resin, it is easy to get a crumbling and never drying surface. Such material is liquid, inexpensive and has a light color.

When purchasing drying oil, you should pay attention to some criteria:

on the transparency of the material: if the drying oil is transparent, then it is composite and fake, because the natural one has a dark brown color;
find out the composition of the drying oil, which is given on the label, in addition, information from the label about the manufacturer, organization and its coordinates, numbers of technical specifications (TU) or state standards (GOST), application and composition of the material is important;
check the certificate of conformity of oxol and natural drying oil, as well as the hygienic certificate of composite;
high-quality product - homogeneous, without sediment and various inclusions;
smell: it should be remembered that high-quality material has practically no smell.

How long this or that surface will last, how easy it will be to process it depends on the correctly chosen drying oil. Therefore, it is imperative to take into account the above criteria and purchase only high-quality material.

Using natural drying oil for wood

Natural substances from linseed oil are commonly used as a wood primer. In addition, they are used for the preparation of various types of putties, putties, plasters, thick pastes and for diluting various types of light-colored paints. Linseed drying oil perfectly protects wood from water. Wood impregnated with linseed oil dries completely after about 24 hours at a minimum temperature of +20°C.

The hemp variety of the product has a dark color. It is mainly used to dilute thick paints of predominantly dark tones. For complete drying, the material impregnated with hemp drying oil is left for at least 2 days. Has a high degree of elasticity.

Natural and other drying oils should not be used for finishing various wooden floor surfaces, since the film they create does not have a high degree of strength and will not protect against wear.

The use of semi-natural, combined and synthetic

Semi-natural products, which have a light brown color, are distinguished by a fairly high degree of hardness, strength, water resistance and have a good shine. They are used as an impregnating agent or when priming various wooden surfaces (except for floor coverings). Semi-natural formulations are used in conjunction with other paints and varnishes.

Combined products are produced with the introduction of various modifiers that improve their impregnating properties, which are necessary for the manufacture and dilution of various thick paints. Used for priming various wooden products before their subsequent painting or plastering.

Since natural wooden surfaces impregnated with drying oil dry for at least 24 hours, paint or plaster should not be applied until they are completely dry.

Synthetic type drying oils are used in modern construction for thinning thick paints and applying them to wooden surfaces. They are also used in industry for the manufacture of various types of wood putties and pastes.

The process of coating wooden surfaces

Why is wood polishing done? By treating wood with drying oil based on high-quality natural oils, you can not only protect it from external factors, but also significantly extend its service life. Typically, such a product is used to coat various carpentry tools that need to be cleaned and polished regularly. In addition, it has proven itself in carrying out various internal works. Products that are processed with natural drying oil look great in the interior of any room, continue to breathe and exude a pleasant smell. For outdoor work, substances that are more resistant to temperature extremes, precipitation and pests are usually used.

It is required to consider how to impregnate wood and wood products with drying oil so that they last for many years. To do this, you need to perform a number of the following works:

Carefully process, clean, and degrease dry wooden surfaces.
Apply the product with any convenient tool (brush, roller, spray gun or cotton cloth). As much substance as possible should get on the treated wooden surface. Then leave the tree so that the drying oil is well absorbed, then apply another layer. The treatment of wood with drying oil can be repeated as long as the surface is absorbent.
In order to quickly impregnate a small wooden product, you can use an ordinary bag. It is necessary to pour a little drying oil into the whole package and place the product there. Shake well so that it completely covers the tree, wrap the edges of the bag and seal with tape. Leave for complete impregnation for 2-3 hours.
The impregnated surface or product must be placed in a dry and warm place where there are no drafts. Thoroughly impregnated wood dries for about 24 hours. Additional steps are not required.

Drying oil is a flammable agent, so wood tools that remain after applying drying oil should be stored away from electrical appliances and other sources of fire, as they are even prone to spontaneous combustion.