Fire alarm equipment. Fire and security alarm (OPS) Ops description

To prevent unauthorized entry and identify sources of fire, fire alarm equipment is installed at the facilities, which is a whole range of special technical means. Thanks to the integration of this complex into the life support system of the facility, it becomes possible to form a multifunctional network that combines access systems, fire extinguishing systems and all kinds of engineering communications. This approach allows you to automate the process of operation and protection of the object.

Functionality

When combining a fire and security alarm system, a multifunctional complex is obtained, which simultaneously protects the object from fire and detects cases of unauthorized entry.

Implementation of integration is carried out at the level of management and centralized monitoring. All systems of the complex are used centrally, but they function and are managed separately. Simply put, they are autonomous in the overall system.

The fire alarm performs the following functions:

1. Early fire detection.
2. Sending an alarm to the relevant services.
3. Informing people at the facility about what happened.
4. Ensuring safe evacuation.

Security alarm features:

1. Prevention of unauthorized entry.
2. Organization of an access system (employees can only enter certain areas).
3. Fixing the place and time of penetration.
4. Determination of the method of entry.

Fire alarm equipment

The list of fire alarm devices used depends on the functionality of the system and the tasks that will be solved with its help.

Equipment used to provide fire alarms can be divided into 5 categories:

♦Equipment enabling centralized alarm control. This category includes a central computer with the necessary software. It is with its help that automation of alarm management is carried out. The security and fire panel can be used in those cases when installation of the fire alarm system of the simplified configuration is required.

♦To monitor certain areas of the object, touch sensors are used. The essence of their work is to control certain parameters, in the event of a change in which an immediate reaction occurs. This category includes all kinds of detectors and sensors.

♦Executive equipment. Necessary to activate means of protection against fire or unauthorized entry. These devices are responsible for transmitting an alarm signal to the appropriate services and alerting people on the site of a potential hazard.

♦Cable equipment. It is used to connect all the above devices into a single complex. It is thanks to wired equipment that devices are switched, control impulses and alarms are transmitted.

Purpose of fire alarm devices

The fire system includes almost the same devices as the burglar alarm. The difference lies only in the actuators and sensors used. The functionality of each individual device will be presented below.

Control panel

It is a small computer on which special software is installed. It controls the operation of each device in the system. The control panel allows you to configure the system and manage its operation. Also, its functions include remote monitoring of the health of all connected devices.

Control panel

With the help of this special device, data from alarm sensors is collected, followed by their analysis. These modules are installed separately or are part of the control panel. In systems with a simplified configuration, the control panel can be used as a control panel.

Sensors

This category of devices includes detectors and sensors of various types that control the necessary parameters in their area. The sensor will work only if the value of one of these parameters is out of range.

At the moment, a huge number of various sensors are presented on the market, which allow people to be warned of danger in a timely manner and, using the receiving and control module, send the corresponding signal to the control panel.

There are several types of sensors used in automatic fire alarms:

1. Smoke detectors. Evaluate the smoke content of the room that occurs in the event of a fire.
2. Thermal sensors. Capture changes in ambient temperature due to fire.
3. Flame sensors. They give a signal when an open fire is detected.
4. Gas sensors. They are triggered in the event of a change in the concentration of a certain gas in the composition of the air.
5. Hand sensors. Used by facility personnel to turn on the fire extinguishing system when a fire is detected.
6. multisensor sensors. Their peculiarity lies in the fact that they are able to analyze 4 signs of a fire at once.

All sensors used in fire alarm systems differ in their operating parameters (response speed, sensitivity, etc.). The sensor model should be chosen based on the tasks that need to be solved at the facility.

Types of sensors used in burglar alarm systems:

1. Motion sensors. Determine the presence of movement in a certain area.
2. Sensors for opening windows and doors. Allows you to detect cases of opening windows or doors.
3. vibration sensors. They will give a signal if attempts are made to collapse the structural elements of the object, including walls.
4. acoustic sensors. Activated when glass is broken.

Also, security systems can be equipped with devices that control the parameters of the object's environment. These include sensors for monitoring the leakage of water, gas, increasing humidity and temperature.

Installation of equipment

It is very important to correctly install the alarm. The degree of protection of the object depends on this. To achieve the maximum level of protection, it is necessary to develop a configuration and plan for the security and fire system before starting the installation of equipment.

At this stage, the required number of detectors is calculated and the places for their installation are determined. The engineer needs to take into account the response speed of the sensors, their sensitivity and coverage area.

The sensors must be installed in such a way as to overlap each other's sensitive areas. This approach will eliminate the presence of "blind" zones. Simply put, absolutely the entire protected area should be under control. It is also very important to avoid exposure of the sensors to external factors, which include thermal and ultraviolet radiation, as well as all kinds of mechanical loads.

Wired lines are used to interconnect fire and security alarm devices. Wireless devices are used to facilitate the installation process of the system. In this case, the signal to the central panel from the sensors will be transmitted not by wire, but by radio channels.

Upon completion of the installation, it is necessary to make sure that all sensors, control equipment and the central panel are operational.

Training video for alarm installation.

Conclusion

If you want your security and fire-fighting complex to work properly for many years and perform the functions assigned to it, then the installation of equipment should be entrusted to qualified specialists.

Today, many companies provide their services for the preparation and implementation of fire and security alarm projects. Some of them are additionally involved in the sale of the necessary equipment, as well as the maintenance and configuration of systems. Only a professional can choose the right equipment and correctly install it. Fire and burglar alarms are the key to the safety of life and material values ​​of a person.

Fire alarm (PS) is a set of technical means, the purpose of which is to detect a fire, smoke or fire and notify a person in a timely manner. Its main task is to save people's lives, minimize the damage caused and preserve property.

It may consist of the following elements:

• Fire control panel (PPKP)- the brain of the entire system, controls the loops and sensors, turns on and off automation (fire extinguishing, smoke removal), controls annunciators and transmits signals to the control panel of a security company or a local dispatcher (for example, a security guard);
• Various types of sensors, which can respond to factors such as smoke, open flames and heat;
• Fire alarm loop (SHS)- this is a communication line between sensors (detectors) and the control panel. It also supplies power to the sensors;
• Annunciator- a device designed to attract attention, there are light - strobe lamps, and sound - sirens.

According to the method of control over the loops, fire alarms are divided into the following types:

PS threshold system

It is also often referred to as traditional. The principle of operation of this type is based on a change in resistance in the loop of fire alarm systems. Sensors can only be in two physical states "norm" and "fire". In case of fixing the fire factor, the sensor changes its internal resistance and the control panel issues an alarm signal on the loop in which this sensor is installed. It is not always possible to visually determine the place of drawdown, because. in threshold systems, an average of 10-20 fire detectors are installed on one loop.

To determine the malfunction of the loop (and not the state of the sensors), an end-of-line resistor is used. It is always installed at the end of the loop. When using fire tactics "PS triggering by two detectors", to receive a signal "Attention" or "probability of fire" additional resistance is installed in each sensor. This allows the use of automatic fire extinguishing systems at the facility and the elimination of possible false alarms and damage to property. Automatic fire extinguishing starts only in case of simultaneous operation of two or more detectors.

PPKP “Granit-5”

The following FACPs can be attributed to the threshold type:

• series "Nota", manufacturer Argus-Spectrum
• VERS-PK, manufacturer VERS
• devices of the "Granit" series, manufacturer NPO "Siberian Arsenal"
• Signal-20P, Signal-20M, S2000-4, manufacturer NPB Bolid and other fire appliances.

The advantages of traditional systems include ease of installation and low cost of equipment. The most significant drawbacks are the inconvenience of maintaining a fire alarm and a high probability of false alarms (resistance can vary from many factors, sensors cannot transmit information about dust content), which can only be reduced by using a different type of fire alarm system and equipment.

Address-threshold system PS

A more advanced system is able to automatically periodically check the status of the sensors. Unlike threshold signaling, the principle of operation lies in a different algorithm for polling sensors. Each detector is assigned its own unique address, which allows the control panel to distinguish them and understand the specific cause and location of the malfunction.

The Code of Rules SP5.13130 ​​allows the installation of only one addressable detector, provided that:

• The PS does not manage fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations or fire warning systems of the 5th type, or other equipment that, as a result of launch, can lead to material losses and reduce the safety of people;
• the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room where the fire detector is installed is not larger than the area for which this type of sensor is designed (you can check it according to the passport of the technical documentation for it);
• the sensor performance is monitored and in the event of a malfunction, a “fault” signal is generated;
• It is possible to replace a faulty detector, as well as its detection by external indication.

Sensors in the address-threshold signaling may already be in several physical states - "norm", "fire", "fault", "Attention", "dustiness" and others. In this case, the sensor automatically switches to another state, which allows you to determine the location of a malfunction or fire with an accuracy of the detector.

PPKP "Dozor-1M"

The following control panels can be attributed to the addressable-threshold type of fire alarm:

• Signal-10, manufacturer of airbag Bolid;
• Signal-99, manufacturer PromService-99;
• Dozor-1M, manufacturer Nita, and other fire appliances.

Address-analogue system PS

The most advanced type of fire alarm to date. It has the same functionality as the address-threshold systems, but differs in the way the signals from the sensors are processed. The decision to switch to "fire" or any other state, it is the control panel that takes it, and not the detector. This allows you to adjust the operation of the fire alarm to external factors. The control panel simultaneously monitors the state of parameters of installed devices and analyzes the obtained values, which can significantly reduce the likelihood of false alarms.

In addition, such systems have an undeniable advantage - the ability to use any address line topology - tire, ring and star. For example, in the event of a break in the ring line, it will split into two independent wire loops, which will fully retain their performance. In star-type lines, special short-circuit insulators can be used, which will determine the location of a line break or short circuit.

Such systems are very convenient in maintenance, because. you can identify in real time the detectors that need to be purged or replaced.

The following control panels can be attributed to the analog addressable type of fire alarm:

• Two-wire communication line controller S2000-KDL, manufacturer NPB Bolid;
• A series of addressable devices "Rubezh", manufactured by Rubezh;
• RROP 2 and RROP-I (depending on the sensors used), manufacturer Argus-Spectrum;
• and many other devices and manufacturers.

Scheme of an addressable analog fire alarm system based on the S2000-KDL control panel

When choosing a system, designers take into account all the requirements of the customer's technical specifications and pay attention to the reliability of operation, the cost of installation work and the requirements for routine maintenance. When the reliability criterion for a simpler system starts to drop, designers move on to using a higher level.

Radio channel options are used in cases where laying cables becomes economically unprofitable. But this option requires more money for maintenance and maintenance of devices in working order due to the periodic replacement of batteries.

Classification of fire alarm systems according to GOST R 53325–2012

Types and types of fire alarm systems, as well as their classification are presented in GOST R 53325–2012 “Fire fighting equipment. Technical means of fire automatics. General technical requirements and test methods".

We have already considered address and non-address systems above. Here you can add that the first ones allow you to install non-address fire detectors through special expanders. Up to eight sensors can be connected to one address.

According to the type of information transmitted from the control panel to the sensors, they are divided into:

• analog;
• threshold;
• combined.

According to the total information capacity, i.e. the total number of connected devices and loops are divided into devices:

• small information capacity (up to 5 loops);
• medium information capacity (from 5 to 20 loops);
• large information capacity (more than 20 loops).

According to information content, otherwise, according to the possible number of issued notices (fire, malfunction, dustiness, etc.), they are divided into devices:

• low information content (up to 3 notifications);
• medium information content (from 3 to 5 notifications);
• high information content (from 3 to 5 notifications);

In addition to these parameters, systems are classified according to:

• Physical implementation of communication lines: radio channel, wire, combined and fiber optic;
• In terms of composition and functionality: without the use of computer technology, with the use of SVT and the possibility of its use;
• Control object. Management of various fire extinguishing installations, smoke removal facilities, warning and combined facilities;
• Expansion possibilities. Non-expandable or expandable, allowing mounting in a housing or separate connection of additional components.

Types of fire alarm systems

The main task of the warning and evacuation management system (SOUE) is the timely notification of people about a fire in order to ensure safety and prompt evacuation from smoky premises and buildings to a safe area. According to FZ-123 "Technical regulations on fire safety requirements" and SP 3.13130.2009, they are divided into five types.

The first and second type of SOUE

For most small and medium-sized objects, according to fire safety standards, it is necessary to install the first and second type of notification.

At the same time, the first type is characterized by the mandatory presence of a sound annunciator - a siren. For the second type, more “exit” light displays are added. A fire alarm should be triggered simultaneously in all premises with permanent or temporary stay of people.

Third, fourth and fifth type of SOUE

These types belong to automated systems, the launch of an alert is completely assigned to automation, and the role of a person in managing the system is minimized.

For the third, fourth and fifth types of SOUE, the main method of notification is speech. Pre-designed and recorded texts are transmitted, which allow the evacuation to be carried out as efficiently as possible.

In the 3rd type additionally, “exit” light indicators are used and the order of notification is regulated - first for the service personnel, and then for all the rest according to a specially developed sequence.

In the 4th type there is a requirement to have a connection with the control room inside the warning zone, as well as additional light indicators for the direction of movement. Fifth type, includes everything listed in the first four, plus the requirement that there is a separation of the inclusion of light indicators for each evacuation zone is added, full automation of the management of the warning system and the organization of multiple evacuation routes from each warning zone is provided.

To ensure a high level of security at real estate, special electronic systems are used. These include burglar and fire alarms.

In order not to install two independent alarms, which would require large financial costs, an integrated OPS system was developed, what it is and how it is used will be discussed below.

OPS is a fire and burglar alarm, which are combined in one multifunctional system.

The advantage of such complexes is that they have a single software and hardware module that controls the operation of all security and fire sensors, as well as external systems and devices that maintain security at the facility.

Modern security and fire alarms can be part of:

1. automatic fire extinguishing systems;
2. smoke protection;
3. integrated security systems;
4. access control systems.

The purpose of the OPS

In accordance with the GOST 26342-84 standard, the main task that a security and fire alarm system must solve is to receive alarm signals from sensors, process them, then transmit an alarm signal to the security and fire services consoles, and also provide users with information about an attempt to enter the premises or about fire.

Purpose of means of the security and fire and disturbing alarm system:

• support of the round-the-clock control of the territory of the protected object;
• detection of fires at the earliest stages;
• accurate determination of the place of penetration to the object or the beginning of a fire;
• providing security and fire services, as well as property owners with information about a burglary attempt or the start of a fire;
• management of warning devices, autonomous fire extinguishing, smoke removal, personnel evacuation;
• automatic self-diagnosis of security and fire sensors, as well as executive systems;
• support for full alarm functionality when powered by redundant power supplies.

OPS classification

Fire and security alarm systems have their own classification, which includes three categories.

address

This security and fire alarm system is designed to monitor large and medium-sized facilities, protecting them from robbery and fire.

Such alarms allow you to determine the exact location of the start of a fire or penetration.

This feature is associated with the ability of the sensors used to transmit to the central console, in addition to the alarm signal, also data on which of the sensors and in which loop worked.

Thanks to this, it is possible to accurately determine a dangerous place, which will allow timely liquidation of a fire or neutralize intruders.

Non-targeted

This type of security and fire alarm system is designed to protect small-scale objects.

Its difference from the previous system is that it allows you to determine only the number of the loop, the sensor of which transmitted an alarm signal. To determine the exact place where the danger is detected, this type of system does not allow.

Addressable analog

Fire and security alarms of this class are among the most highly efficient and reliable systems that continuously monitor the protected object by analyzing various telemetric information: air temperature, presence of smoke, strong mechanical vibrations, sound waves, etc.

The main difference from all previous OPS is that the decision to notify a hazard at the facility is made by the central processor based on the analysis of a set of indicators obtained from different sensors and sensors installed at the facility.

This type of security and fire alarm system is a complex electronic complex, which is distinguished by high accuracy in determining the places of danger and practically does not have false positives.

In addition, this type of alarm provides for the constant receipt of information from the sensors about the controlled parameter, so if a sensor breaks down, this can be instantly found out through a visual notification of the alarm control panel.

Standard set of OPS

A fire and security alarm of any of the listed types incorporates a certain set of devices that ensure its functionality.

The main ones include:

1. detectors (security and fire sensors);
2. reception and control console;
3. hazard warning devices and systems;
4. communication lines between sensors and the console, as well as between the console and sirens (can be radio channel, wired loop, GSM or GPRS);
5. backup power system (this can be a battery, a gasoline / diesel generator, thanks to which the alarm system functions continuously);
6. peripheral executive devices;
7. specialized software for signaling operation control.

The sensors that are equipped with a fire and security alarm system, depending on the technology for detecting penetration into an object or the presence of a fire, are divided into the following categories:

• ultrasonic;
• infrared (passive or active);
• magnetic contact;
• radio wave;
• vibration;
• acoustic;
• light;
• combined action.

Depending on the specific tasks for which security and fire systems are designed, they may also include other types of sensors that allow you to control the parameters of the environment.

These can be sensors that control air temperature and humidity, gas and water leakage, etc.

Their use will significantly expand the purpose of automatic fire alarms, providing them with functions that are typical for systems such as "smart home".

There are many types of sensors that are equipped with security systems.

Among those used by fire alarms, the following should be highlighted:

1. smoke - determine the presence of smoke in the room (depending on the sensor used, they can be photoelectric, ionization, differential, aspiration, optoelectronic, radioisotope);
2. temperature (thermal) - fix the temperature rise above the set threshold (they can be differential, absolute, linear thermal cable, multipoint);
3. flame sensors - determine the presence of open flames (the fire alarm system can have ultraviolet, infrared, optoelectronic and multi-range);
4. gas sensors - detect the presence of a certain concentration of gas in the air (they can be semiconductor, electrochemical, optoelectronic, thermal wave, thermometric);
5. multi-sensor sensors - this type of device can detect a fire by several parameters, the number of which is determined by the number of sensors in the sensor.

Standard functionality

Regardless of model and manufacturer, every fire and burglar alarm should provide a standard feature set that includes:

• detection of fires in the early stages;
• determination of the moment of penetration to the object;
• detection of gas or water leaks in the premises;
• determination of temperature increase above the norm, as well as the appearance of smoke;
• transmission of an alarm signal to the consoles of security and fire services;
• activation of warning and alarm systems;
• management of stationary smoke removal and fire extinguishing systems;
• management of the process of evacuation of people from the facility.

From what is presented above, we can conclude that even the basic functions that the fire alarm system has will effectively protect the object from fire and robbery.

Features of the design and installation of fire alarm systems

In order for the security and fire alarms to function effectively, it is important to correctly design it and subsequently perform the installation of all functional elements with high quality.

The main points to be considered when designing an OPS system include:

1. choice of structure and type of system used;
2. determination of the number of security and fire sensors of a certain type;
3. analysis of the need to place additional functional sensors and sensors at the facility;
4. selection of the type and characteristics of the communication line through which communication will be carried out between the central console, detectors and actuators;
5. selection of the receiving and control console, which should control the operation of the alarm and communicate with the fire and security service consoles (the console must be compatible with the consoles);
6. determination of the optimal sources of autonomous power supply, thanks to which the security and fire alarm system will function without interruption.

In the design process, it is also important to consider the possibility of expanding the alarm functionality in the future. In such a case, the alarm system can be easily upgraded by adding new sensors or warning devices without the need for significant reworking of an already functioning system.

Conclusion

A modern security and fire alarm system is precisely the security tool that will protect the facility from both “uninvited guests” and a possible fire.

Today, there are a large number of both ready-made kits and individual devices, with the help of which an optimal fire alarm system for a particular object can be built.

In order for the fire safety system being created to always function correctly and be able to help in case of trouble, you should entrust the installation of such systems to professional companies.

They will competently draw up a project, select the appropriate equipment and perform its installation and configuration. Subsequently, the client will have a multifunctional and fail-safe fire and security alarm.

Video: Fire and security alarm

Security and fire systems (OPS) are designed to determine unauthorized entry into the territory of the enterprise or fix a fire, smoke. The systems operate through a set of devices: control panels, sensors, detectors, radio controllers, include a monitoring station and power supplies. The scheme of the security and fire system is calculated from the individual plan of the room / building and is regulated by regulations, so a professional approach is required when installing the system.

Security alarms for different types of buildings will have their own characteristics: it will be a summer house or an office, several rooms or a huge complex. In a residential area, the system is mounted in such a way that children or guests cannot accidentally press the button on the control panel or knock down the sensor settings. If the security and fire system is installed in the office, then it is mandatory to instruct the employees involved.

The alarm system includes a security alarm device, wired or wireless sensors and warning (alarm) devices. In large systems, a computer with special software is used as an element for centralized control of fire alarms. In small systems, centralized control is entrusted to the security panel - equipment that collects and processes information from intruder alarm sensors.

Sensors can provide versatile protection of your property: in case of unauthorized opening of a door, glass breakage, window opening, motion detection, ignition, smoke, etc. Depending on the tasks, vibration, acoustic, capacitive sensors, heat or smoke, flame detectors, manual call points and etc. To date, such detectors as passive infrared, magnetic contact, perimeter and combined active detectors are actively used. Such a system will ensure your safety in many ways.

Security alarm sensors should be located taking into account the interior and design features of the premises, so that they do not end up, for example, in a place where furniture is already standing. Our specialists carefully develop a security alarm project for each company in order to minimize the possibility of a gross miss.

The integration of fire and security alarms takes place at the level of centralized monitoring and control. FSOs of houses, as a rule, are administered by different, unrelated, control posts. Security alarms for apartments and houses promptly notify the security service in cases of unauthorized entry, record the date, place and time of violation of certain security lines.

The fire alarm, having detected the source of ignition, promptly notifies about the fire and takes measures for automatic fire extinguishing. Since the main goal of a fire alarm is to save human lives, it is entrusted with the task of determining the source of fire and warning personnel.

Fire and burglar alarm detectors differ from each other by the type of controlled physical parameter. Depending on the principle of information signal formation, active and passive detectors are distinguished.

• Active detectors of the alarm system react to a change in the signal that they themselves generate.
• Passive detectors detect changes in environmental parameters caused by fire or intruders.

By type of laying, security and fire systems can be wired or wireless (withGSM- communication). In a local OPS, the signal is transmitted via ordinary telephone wires. This system provides instant response and is more reliable, although it has a number of features associated with the installation of a wired system. In a network NSO, the signal is transmitted via a mobile communication channel. This type of security and fire systems is considered more convenient: when the sensors are triggered, an alert is sent by SMS or voice notification, it is possible to alert the telephones of the city line.

Both systems use digital modem board to connect a repeater - it receives sensor signals and translates them into a voice or text series and transmits them to the PBX or control panel, notifying about the incident.

Typically, a burglar alarm is installed in three stages. First, experts will lay the cable. Then the equipment is connected. If the burglar alarm is installed at the construction stage, then the connection will be made after the completion of the finishing. Then Alefo engineers carry out commissioning of the security alarm.

Our experts in the installation of OPS take into account many aspects. One of the most important points that should be taken into account even at the stage of designing a security and fire system is cable wiring, because the success of the entire alarm system depends on it. So, for example, the gasket must be made with a 15% margin - in this case, the system will not only serve longer and more reliably, but it will also be possible to expand it. We also install junction boxes, if necessary, to maintain the efficiency of the system.

Often, some time after installation, it becomes necessary to install additional equipment that was not included in the original signaling project. There can be many reasons: there was no need for such actions or funds to pay for them, the plot expanded, etc. Therefore, Alefo designs a home security alarm system, taking into account possible expansion.

When installing fire and security alarms, we use reliable equipment from System Sensor, Bolid, Jablotron, Paradox, Honeywell, and warning systems from Roxton, Inter-M, JEDIA.

Intrusion alarms should be installed in such a way that a variety of parameters are taken into account, important indicators of access violation or fire risk are recorded. We know that only the complex use of all means will reliably protect your property from damage, and you from losses.