Elm fruits in winter. Elm family (Ulmaceae)

This tree belongs to the elm family and grows in Europe, Scandinavia, Crimea, the Caucasus and England. It grows up to 25 meters in height and can live for about 300 years. It has a straight trunk up to 1.5 meters in diameter, covered with smooth, dark brown bark. It blooms from March to April, before the leaves bloom, with small, inconspicuous flowers with purple stamens. The fruits begin to ripen in May-June and look like rounded lionfish with a nut in the center. The elm bears fruit every year, starting at the age of seven. Frost-resistant, and can tolerate frosts down to -28 degrees. The tree has a powerful root system and grows quite quickly: in a year it grows 50 cm in height and up to 30 cm in width.

Historical information

The name smooth elm comes from the Celtic “elm”, which means elm. In Rus', this word was interpreted as a “flexible rod” and the wood of this tree was used for the production of carts and sleighs. Using the flexibility of elm, our ancestors used it as a good building material and also made weapons. This tree was used to make household utensils: arcs, shafts, knitting needles and much more.

The bark of the tree was used for tanning leather, and the bast of this tree was used to make bast. Leaves and young shoots were fed to livestock.

Breeding and care

Reproduction of smooth elm occurs mainly by seeds, occasionally by shoots from it. Seeds can be stored in a hermetically sealed container for 2 years and not lose their germination. Seeds are sown immediately after ripening within 1-2 weeks. In this case, no preliminary preparation is required. They are sown in rows with a pitch of 20-30 cm, covered with soil and watered abundantly. Elm is unpretentious to conditions and calmly tolerates excess moisture and its lack. Can grow in the shade, but develops better in good light.

In the first weeks after planting, the sown seeds should be watered abundantly, and in hot weather they should be covered with film until the first shoots appear. When planting an elm, you should take into account that it grows quickly and that soon its crown will shade other light-loving plants. It has been noticed that smooth elm has a depressing effect on grapes. In this regard, you should take into account their intolerance to each other and plant them away from each other.

Dutch disease of this tree is spread with the help of bark beetles. It is based on the fungus Ophiostoma ulmi and attacks weak trees. If damaged, the plant may die within a few weeks or suffer for many years.

Dutch disease is characterized by rapid drying of branches. On such branches the leaves either do not bloom at all or there are very few of them. When a tree is infected with this disease, it usually dies and cannot be saved. Basically, this disease progresses on heavily moist soils.

Pharmacological properties and use in medicine

Smooth elm contains substances that have astringent, diuretic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.

Traditional medicine uses decoctions of the bark of this tree to treat inflammation of the bladder, inflammation of connective tissues, and also for edema. In addition, it was used for various skin diseases, as well as for diseases of the digestive system and diarrhea. A decoction of elm leaves was used to treat colic and heal wounds that did not heal for a long time.

Infusions of elm bark, with the addition of birch buds and willow, help with fever and colds. This infusion has a lot of mucus (a product of cell secretion) and tannins, which have a beneficial effect on the human body for burns and dermatitis.

The bark and leaves of smooth elm are harvested as medicinal raw materials. The bark is harvested in the spring, when sap flow occurs, and the leaves in June, in dry weather. Typically, trees scheduled for felling are used for this purpose. The material prepared in this way is dried in places protected from direct sunlight. It can be used for 2 years. Decoctions and infusions are made from this medicinal raw material.

Smooth elm wood has a unique ability: it resists rotting for a long time at high humidity. This feature was widely used in Europe - pipes for water supply were made from elm trunks, hollowed out from the inside. During the construction of the first London Bridge, elm wood was used as supports.

This plant can be classified as an early honey plant. In good weather, you can see many bees collecting nectar near this tree.

Since elm has a powerful root system, it is used in protective plantings, in turn, securing plantings. In addition, its leaves retain much more dust than other trees, and it successfully takes its place in park plantings.

Articles on the topic

The elm can be called a slender, powerful and majestic tree. Its dome-shaped crown immediately catches the eye. This tree is similar to an oak, just as large, tall and centuries-old. What does an elm look like, its description and photo, what fruits and leaves does this giant have?

This tree has several names - elm, birch bark, elm. It is a deciduous tree of the elm genus, the elm family. There are about 40 species of elms around the world. Such trees first appeared more than 20 million years ago in Central Asia. Gradually the plant spread further to other countries. Most often, it grows in deciduous forests and other natural areas with a temperate climate.

What does elm look like?

Elm is considered long-lived tree, because it can live more than 300 years. It has a large elliptical or rounded crown shape. The trunk diameter can reach 2 meters. Spreading branches have dense foliage. The leaves are large, unequal and simple. The elm blooms before the leaves begin to bloom. The flowers look small and inconspicuous, collected in bunches. After flowering, winged fruits and nuts appear on the branches, which ripen after flowering in a few weeks. They contain seeds that quickly lose their viability. The tree bears fruit very abundantly, on average up to 30 kilograms per year. The fruits have the same appearance and can only differ in size.

It is considered very valuable. It is dense and hard, reminiscent of European walnut. Wood is considered a valuable species. This is an excellent material for furniture production. The trunk has a smooth surface that remains that way for many years. The bark can peel off only due to tree disease or old age. With the appearance of cracks and furrows, the bark becomes a rich brown color. The leaves and bark of the tree are used to make medicines.

Elm has a strong and powerful root system. It can be on the surface of the earth or go deep into the earth. The trees are characterized by rapid growth and rise up to half a meter in height and 30 cm in width per year. They tolerate low temperatures down to 30°C very well.

Where does it grow and when does it bloom?

Elm trees grow well on fertile soils and with proper care they reach large sizes. However, in natural conditions they can easily tolerate drought and floods, and easily tolerate severe frosts. Most often, elms grow in the following areas:

The powerful crown of these trees traps dust well. It often serves as a protective fence as a living plant. A large crown with dense foliage can often be seen in many city parks and gardens. In their natural environment, elms are often found in deciduous forests, along the banks of lakes and rivers. They help create clean plantings.

The flowering period begins very early, in March - April. Small and inconspicuous flowers, collected in bunches in the leaves, are easily pollinated by the wind. The period of fruit ripening depends on climatic conditions. Most often they ripen in April - June. An adult tree begins to bear fruit at the age of 7-8 years.

Common types

Based on some popular types of elms, many varieties and hybrids have been bred. Such plants can be seen in many gardens, squares and city parks. They are often used for street landscaping. We will look at the most popular types of elms that can be most often found.

- This tree is distinguished by a beautiful crown with spreading branches. Its bark is dark brown. The dark green, elliptical-shaped foliage is smooth and has jagged edges. With the end of autumn it turns brown. This species tolerates frosty weather, shade and is resistant to drought. For rapid development, it needs fertile soil, which does not allow it to grow normally in urban conditions. Smooth or common elm most often grows in European countries. Also common in the Urals, Caucasus, Crimea and England.

, birch bark stands out for its impressively sized crown with dark brown shoots. It should be noted that the birch bark leaves of this type of elm are smooth and slightly dark on top and rough underneath. With the onset of autumn they begin to turn yellow.

This species does not tolerate winter conditions well. but not demanding on the soil. Most often it grows in Western Europe, Russia and the Caucasus, Asia Minor.

belongs to a tall variety of elms and is distinguished by a large crown. Oblong and bare leaves are located on the branches of the tree. Its bark is dark in color.

It differs from others in its increased drought resistance. It is practically not found in nature, and is cultivated only in Central Asia.

small-leaved elm grows most often in East and South Asia, where it is also called caragana (ebony). This tree grows up to 15 meters in height. It is noted that this plant tolerates transplants well and is not picky about the soil - it can grow well in unfavorable soils. However, this elm prefers light areas.

Rough or mountain elm refers to a variety with a wide and round crown. These trees are record holders for height. There are specimens reaching a height of 35 meters. The bark is brown and the leaves are smooth on top and hairy underneath. With the arrival of autumn they turn orange. This species grows intensively, develops well in urban conditions and is not afraid of frost.

Care and breeding

Reproduction of elms occurs mainly by seeds. The tree can also be propagated by shoots. If the seeds are placed in an airtight container, they will be able to retain their germination properties for 2 years. After the seeds ripen, they are planted after two weeks.

Plant does not require preliminary soil preparation. They must be laid out in the soil at a distance of 20-30 cm from each other, covered with a layer of soil and watered abundantly. During the first month, the seeds are watered regularly and abundantly. In very hot weather, it is advisable to cover the seeds with film until the first shoots appear. As the young tree grows, it will be easy to tolerate excess moisture or drought. Young shoots grow well even in the shade.

Before planting seeds or seedlings, you should consider the growth rate of the plant. After 2-3 years, the tree can shade other plantings. It is known that elms have a negative effect on grapes, so they should not be planted nearby.

Beneficial features

Elm leaves and bark are rich in beneficial substances. They have many beneficial effects:

• anti-inflammatory;
• antibacterial;
• diuretic.

Bark collection It is recommended to carry out during the flowering period in spring. The leaves are collected in summer in dry weather. For collection, material is mainly taken from smooth elm, which goes under the log house. Collected bark from a tree retains its properties for 2 years. Various decoctions and tinctures are made from it for many diseases:

• bladder;
• swelling;
• wound healing;
• digestive system;
• skin diseases;
• diarrhea.

A decoction of the leaves eliminates colic and helps for faster healing of skin wounds. A mixture of bark and buds from birch and willow has a beneficial effect on the body for dermatitis and burns, if you make a decoction from the composition.

Properties of wood

. Its wood is not susceptible to rotting, even at high humidity levels. This feature has made elm wood very popular and in demand. In European countries, it was previously used for many construction works, as well as for supplying water. In Rus', runners, shafts and arches for horse-drawn vehicles were made from such wood.

In its main characteristics and properties, the wood is very similar to oak wood. The material is viscous and difficult to split. It is difficult to process with hand and electric cutting tools and is difficult to plan. Despite such difficulties in processing, it is perfectly polished and glued. Before finishing work begins, the wood must be treated with primer, filling the pores. During the drying process, the material practically does not crack. This property of elm is similar to that of oak.

Currently, elm wood is in demand for the production of furniture and floor coverings. The valuable natural material is also used in shipbuilding and engineering.

Elm: photo

Walking through parks or city alleys, you have often admired the beauty of a mighty tree with smooth bark and a massive trunk. This is a smooth elm. Its bark remains smooth until old age and can only change its structure due to some illness. We will talk about other features of this tree further.

Origin story

Smooth or common elm is one of the representatives of the elm genus. This genus of deciduous trees is very ancient, more than 40 million years old. In the wild, all representatives of the genus grow in deciduous forests, sometimes found in spruce forests.

The cultivation of the plant occurred relatively recently, three centuries ago. From that moment on, smooth elm began to be used to decorate park alleys.

It is believed that the Latin name of the elm genus, Úlmus, comes from the Celtic word “elm” - this is how these people called this tree. The Russian word “elm” most likely appeared due to the fact that the wood of the plant is very flexible (viscous).

Botanical description

The common elm can reach 40 meters in height. Its crown looks like a wide cylinder, slightly rounded at the top. It is formed from thick branches that point upward. The elm trunk can reach three meters in diameter.

It is covered with a smooth brown-brown bark; it cracks and peels off in thin sheets. At the surface of the earth, around the trunk, flat, board-like roots often form. They are necessary to maintain a massive trunk. Young shoots are light brown in color, with a slight shine, and may have a whitish coating.

The foliage is oval or ovoid in shape with a pointed end. The base is asymmetrical. The leaves reach 12 centimeters in length and about 8 centimeters in width. They are dark green in color, with the underside being slightly lighter than the top.
The tree blooms with small flowers, collected in bunches. The flowering period occurs in April-May until the leaves bloom. Pollination of flowers occurs with the help of wind. The fruit looks like a small round leaf with a seed inside.

Smooth elm can live up to 200-250 years. It is distinguished by the intensity of its growth, but only until the age of 40-50 - from this point on, growth gradually slows down. The tree is resistant to frost and strong winds. Only young shoots may not survive low temperatures.

Durable elm wood is moisture resistant and is actively used for the manufacture of furniture, gun stocks and other products. Thanks to its shady crown, elm is well suited for arranging recreation areas in parks.

Common elm grows on European lands (except for the Iberian Peninsula and the islands of Britain), in the Caucasus, in Asia Minor, in the Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk regions, in Kazakhstan. In the north, its habitat extends almost to the edge of the Eurasian continent. It mainly grows in mixed and deciduous forests.

Did you know? Water pipes were made from elm wood in the Middle Ages.

Reproduction

In nature, the tree reproduces by seeds or root shoots. Collected seeds can be stored in an airtight container for about two years. Only mature specimens are suitable for planting. They are planted two weeks after ripening.

Planting and care

Since the tree grows well in the wild, caring for it in the garden will not cause much trouble.

Landing place

Before planting a tree, it is necessary to prepare the site. This should be a well-lit area, light shadow is acceptable. The sun's rays should evenly illuminate the young tree. If one side receives more light than the other, the crown density will be uneven.

The soil should be fertile, loose, and retain moisture well. Before planting, lime is added to the soil and enriched with fertilizers and microelements (magnesium, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus). Please note that the soil must be acidic.

Planting a plant

The seeds ripen in summer. They need to be collected immediately and planted within a week, otherwise germination will deteriorate. Preliminary seed preparation is not necessary. In the selected area, furrows are formed at a distance of 20-30 centimeters from each other. Seeds are sown in the furrows. There is no need to bury them in the ground.
It is enough to lightly sprinkle with earth, forming a layer of a couple of millimeters. If the summer is rainy, then there is no need to cover the seeds with soil - the more moisture, the better for them. Planted seeds need abundant watering for several weeks.

Important! If the summer is hot and dry, then the bed should be covered with film until shoots appear.

If you want to grow an elm from a cutting or shoot, then you can prepare planting material in late spring. The cut cuttings are treated with root formers and immersed in water. When the first roots appear, planting can be done.

To do this, dig a hole 50 centimeters deep, moisten the soil abundantly and enrich it with minerals. The seedling is lowered into the hole and covered with earth. The place where the cutting is planted should be in light partial shade, since strong sun can burn a fragile tree. Elm takes root quite quickly. The main thing is to water it abundantly during the first weeks.

Watering

With the arrival of the growing season and before pruning, the tree is watered regularly. Then watering is limited. It will be enough to maintain uniform soil moisture. In winter, you need to water extremely rarely.

Fertilizers

A young tree needs feeding. The procedure is carried out once every two weeks. To increase the fertility of the soil, it is necessary to add sand, crushed stone, etc. Everything should be in equal proportions.

Did you know? In ancient Rome they believed that elm boxes were home to guardian spirits of the hearth.

Mulching the soil won't hurt either. The ground around the elm is covered with fallen leaves, weeds, and compost. They will serve as a source of nutrients for microorganisms living in the soil.

Trimming

To prevent thickening of the crown, it should be thinned out. They do this from January to April. Formative pruning is carried out in the summer. Wire can help give the crown the desired shape. They wrap it around an extra branch and leave it for a year. It will limit the thickening of the stem and help guide it.

For pruning to be successful, you need to:

• prune shoots at an early age;
• try to keep the length of the branches constant;
• cut off branches without foliage more often, so that they do not take away the strength of the tree.

Diseases and pests

Smooth elm is an unpretentious tree that is resistant to most diseases. His only enemy, which is almost impossible to cope with, is Dutch disease. It is caused by a fungus that is carried by bark beetles. Once on the plant, the fungus prevents the normal circulation of sap along the trunk and branches.
As a result, the leaves begin to curl and the growth of the plant gradually slows down. Growth disturbance is manifested in untimely appearance and loss of foliage. After a while, the diseased tree dies.

This disease worries botanists in more than one country, since because of it the number of elms is rapidly declining, and there are still no effective methods to combat the disease. If an infected tree is discovered, it must be immediately destroyed along with the pests that carry the fungus.

Important!As a preventive measure, regular inspections should be carried out for the presence of pests, and antibiotic injections can also be made into the root part of the trunk.

Elm or elm (lat. Ulmus) is a genus of deciduous trees belonging to the elm family. There are forty species around the world. It appeared about twenty million years ago on the territory of modern Central Asia, from where it spread throughout most of the Northern Hemisphere to areas of North America and Eurasia with temperate and mountainous climates. Trees of this genus are cultivated. Their leaves and bark are used to make medicines, and elm wood is a valuable material for making furniture.

Another name for the tree is mountain elm.

The elm reaches a height of up to 35 meters and lives on average 250 years - although there are species with a lifespan of up to 500 years. It has a straight trunk with a diameter of up to one and a half meters, which is covered with brown smooth bark. The simple alternate leaves have serrated edges. They are pointed, dark green above, hairy and lighter below. They are located on short petioles.

Flowering usually occurs from early March to April. At this time, leaves and small flowers with bright lilac stamens appear. Flowering continues until large leaves appear.

The fruits are round, with a nut at the core, located on long stalks, gathering in groups. Ripening occurs in late May - early June. The elm bears fruit annually after the age of seven or eight years. Fruiting is abundant - one tree can produce up to thirty kilograms of seeds per year. The fruit, regardless of the type of elm, looks the same - only the size may differ.

Elm fruits are small.

The tree is frost-resistant (“tolerates” cold down to -30 degrees), with a strong and powerful root system. The roots may lie on the ground or go deep into the soil. The plant is fast growing: in a year it can grow half a meter in height and thirty centimeters in width.

Tree breeding and care

Reproduction of elms usually occurs through seeds, but sometimes a tree can grow from their shoots. Seeds can remain in an airtight container for up to two years without losing their viability. Planting is done within a couple of weeks after the seeds ripen.

This plant is unpretentious, so special preliminary preparation of the soil before planting is not needed. Elm seeds are planted in rows with a gap of twenty to thirty centimeters between them, covered with a layer of soil and watered thoroughly.

After planting, you will need to water the seeds well for the first month. If the weather is very hot, then it is necessary to cover the sowing with film until the first shoots appear. In the future, the tree will not cause any difficulties - the elm can easily tolerate both excess and lack of moisture, and grows even in the shade.

Young tree shoots

When planting an elm, one should not forget about its high growth rate - it can shade other plants in just a couple of years. Attention! The tree has a negative effect on grapes - you need to take into account their intolerance and do not plant them too close to each other.

Elm diseases

Trees are susceptible to the so-called Dutch disease. Its causative agent is the fungus Ophiostoma ulmi, which spreads through bark beetles. Weak and young elms are primarily at risk. The disease occurs in acute or chronic form - in both cases, the conductive systems and blood vessels of the tree are damaged. The disease can be diagnosed by cutting off its branch. Wounded vessels look like brown spots or rings. During the disease, the degree of blockage of blood vessels progresses, and the tree begins to dry out.

In the acute form, the elm will dry out completely in a matter of weeks. In the case of a chronic form, the tree will live for several more years. Alas, an elm infected with this disease cannot be saved in any way - at one time in Holland, up to two-thirds of planted trees of this genus died because of it.

To prevent the disease from spreading to other trees, preventive and quarantine measures are taken. Healthy individuals adjacent to the affected plant must be injected with a fungicide. If there are fused roots, they must be cut off immediately. This infection spreads most quickly in conditions favorable for the fungus - that is, in humid areas with moderate temperatures.

Defeat by Dutch disease

Pharmacological properties of the tree and its use in medicine

The leaves and bark of these trees contain substances that have a number of beneficial effects: diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial. The bark is collected during the height of flowering - in the spring, and the leaves - in early summer in dry weather. Basically, to collect materials, smooth elm, which is planned for felling, is dried. The resulting bark can be used for two years - many decoctions and infusions are made from it for various purposes.

To treat inflammation of the bladder, accelerate muscle healing and for various swelling, a decoction of the bark is used, which can also help with some skin diseases, diseases of the digestive system, and is an excellent remedy for diarrhea. A decoction of elm leaves relieves colic and accelerates wound healing.

Elm bark is also used in medicine.

Infusions of elm bark, birch and willow buds will help relieve fever and colds. They contain large amounts of mucus and tannins. The latter, moreover, have a beneficial effect on the human body in case of burns and dermatitis.

Properties and benefits of wood

Elm wood is practically not susceptible to rotting even at high humidity levels. Because of this feature, the tree became popular in Europe - pipes for water supply were made from its trunks. For the construction of the very first London Bridge across the Thames, the supports were created from elm wood. It is also known that in Tsarist Russia durable arches, runners and shafts for horse-drawn vehicles were made from it.

In its properties, elm wood resembles oak - the material is very viscous and difficult to split. Although it is inconvenient to process it with cutting tools (especially without electrical devices, planing it for a very long time), it is remarkably polished and glues well. Before finishing this wood, its pores must be filled by applying primer. During drying, the wood almost does not crack - in these properties it is no different from oak.

Elm wood table top

In the modern world, smooth elm, due to the moisture resistance, hardness and elasticity of its wood, is cultivated for the subsequent production of furniture, flooring, and use in mechanical engineering and shipbuilding.

What else is elm useful for?

Elm belongs to the early honey plants. During good weather, the smooth elm always gathers many bees around itself.

Due to the powerful root system of the tree, it is used in fencing and securing plantings. In addition, elm leaves retain dust well, which is why it is common in parks.

Some of the popular types of elm

• Smooth elm (common elm). A tree with a beautiful crown and spreading branches. The bark of the tree is dark brown, the leaves are elliptical and smooth, with jagged edges. The dark green foliage turns brown towards the end of autumn. The tree tolerates shade and frost remarkably well, is drought-resistant and grows quickly, but it requires fertile soil, so this species is not adapted to urban conditions. Smooth elm is found primarily in Europe. The tree is also widespread in the Caucasus, the Urals, Crimea, Kazakhstan and England.
• Hornbeam elm (it has many names: red elm, birch bark, cork elm). The plant has an impressive crown, the shoots are dark brown in color. Birch bark leaves are darkish and smooth on top, rough underneath. In autumn they take on a yellow tint. The hornbeam tree does not tolerate winter well, but it is not picky about the soil. It grows mainly in Western Europe, Asia Minor, southern Russia and the Caucasus.
• The elm is dense. A tall tree species with a large crown. The bark is dark in color and the leaves are glabrous and oblong. Cultivated in Central Asia, not found in nature. It is famous for its drought resistance.
• Small-leaved elm. It can be found in South and East Asia, where the tree is called “elm” (“ebony”). The tree grows up to 15 meters in height. To understand what this type of elm looks like, you can imagine an ordinary one - the small-leaved one looks like a smaller copy of it. The variety copes well with transplantation, loves light areas and is able to grow even on not the most favorable soil.
• Rough elm (mountain). This variety with a wide round crown sets height records - thirty-five-meter individuals have been encountered. The bark is brown, the leaves are smooth above, hairy below, turning orange in autumn. This species grows very quickly, it is not susceptible to frost and can easily tolerate urban climate.

Family: elm or elm (Ulmaceae).

Motherland

In nature, elm grows in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, in Europe, North America, and Asia. The genus contains about 16 species.

Form: deciduous tree.

Description

Elm (elm) is a large deciduous, fast-growing tree with a round or elliptical, spreading, dense crown. Elm leaves are simple, large, alternate, asymmetrical, pointed, jagged along the edge, dark green, located on short petioles. Elms bloom before the leaves bloom with small flowers collected in bunches. The fruits of the elm are lionfish. Elm bark has grooves and cracks (the bark of young plants is smooth). Elms are durable.

Rough elm , or mountain elm(U. glabra). A fast-growing tree from 25 to 40 m tall with a rounded, wide crown. The lower branches of the rough elm are drooping. The leaves are very large, wide, yellow in autumn. Mountain elm flowers are brown-purple and bloom in March-April. Rough elm has greater shade tolerance than other species. Plants tolerate short-term flooding.

Common elm , or smooth elm(U. laevis). Tree from 10-15 to 35 m tall. The crown of the common elm is rounded, in old plants it is unevenly umbrella-shaped. Side shoots are horizontal or drooping. The leaves of smooth elm are elliptical, strongly asymmetrical, green, shiny above, grayish-green below, yellow in autumn. Plants tolerate temporary flooding. The growth rate of common elm is medium to high.

(U. carpinifolia). Tree up to 20 m tall with a dense spreading crown. The leaves of the hornbeam elm are dense, shiny, with clear and sharp teeth, pubescent underneath, and bright yellow in autumn. The flowers are small, orange-red, collected in spherical bunches. Hornbeam elm tolerates some salinity.

Squat elm , or small-leaved elm, or ilmovik(U. pumila). Tree up to 15 m tall with a dense rounded crown and thin branches. The leaves of small-leaved elm are small, leathery, smooth, and olive-yellow in autumn. Young shoots and leaves are pubescent. Small-leaved elm is not too picky about soil conditions.

Growing conditions

Elm is a plant that prefers well-lit areas, even though they themselves provide dense shade. Elms prefer fertile, loose soils. Elms are quite drought-resistant, but develop better on fresh, moist substrates. Plants are frost-resistant.

Application

Elm (elm) is a very beautiful tree that has long been used in landscaping gardens and parks around the world. Elms are good in group, alley, mixed plantings and as a quality plant. Elms are used to create tall and.

Care

Most elms are demanding on soil conditions, so the plants need to be fertilized and watered in hot, dry summers, since elms do not develop well on poor and dry substrates. Elms respond positively to the presence of lime in the soil. You can hold plants in shape, which retains its shape well after cutting.

Reproduction

Elm or elm is a tree that is propagated by seeds and vegetatively (by grafting, root suckers). Elm seeds quickly lose their viability.

You can buy elm at the garden center. Elm seeds can also be ordered online.

Diseases and pests

Elms are often affected by pests (leaf-eaters - elm leaf beetle, elm springtail, etc.) and very dangerous fungal diseases. Unfortunately, the so-called Dutch elm disease often destroys large numbers of elm trees.

Popular varieties

Forms of smooth elm, or common elm:

golden-variegated(f. aureo-variegata) - leaves with a yellow or cream stripe along the edge and with specks or streaks;

• 'Pendula'(Weeping Elm). A small, slow-growing tree up to 5 m tall with a flat, hemispherical crown. The branches of the weeping elm are long and drooping. The leaves are very large, wide, yellow in autumn. Weeping elm is picky about soil conditions, preferring moist, fertile substrates, from slightly acidic to highly alkaline.