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A desktop jigsaw is useful for every craftsman who cuts out thin details. However, it is far from always possible and meaningful to acquire a full-fledged machine. In this case, get down to business and do it yourself!
The device of the jigsaw machine - what lies inside?
Jigsaws are more special tools than devices that are needed by both an experienced craftsman and an amateur who runs a garage. Their purpose is reduced to a special task, namely cutting out complex curvilinear contours from sheet materials. A special “chip” of such machines can also be attributed to the execution of the cut without violating the integrity of the external contour. Most often, sawing occurs on wood and derived materials (plywood, chipboard, fiberboard), although modern machines equipped with appropriate nail files are able to work with other materials, such as plastic or drywall.
Such equipment has found application in the music industry (manufacturing of musical instruments) and, of course, in the furniture industry. They buy such units and lovers of tinkering in their own workshop. The device of a traditional jigsaw machine, designed in accordance with all the rules, is as follows: the working surface on which the saw is placed hides the drive (electric motor) and the crank structure underneath. The tension mechanism can be located both below and above the machine.
To process a part, it must be placed on the desktop. Many models have the ability to rotate it at different angles to make bevel cuts. The stops and guides on the surface, as well as the swivel mechanism, can be marked, which greatly simplifies and speeds up the work. It is on the length of the desktop that the length of the cut depends - most models are limited to 30-40 cm. The power of the electric motor is an important, but still far from the most fundamental factor, since the machine has a huge margin of unclaimed power. For example, for a home workshop or even a small production, a “engine” of only 150 watts is enough.
The crank mechanism is a much more important detail, because in this case it is on it that the quality of the transmission of the drive torque into the reciprocating motion directed in the vertical plane by means of a file depends.
Standard jigsaw machines are considered devices with a range of motion in the region of 3-5 cm at an oscillation frequency of up to 1000 per minute. In many models, a change in speed mode is provided for different materials. The jigsaw itself is usually made up to 35 cm long and is able to cut material up to 10 cm thick. The width of the files can vary in a fairly wide range - from very thin two-millimeter to coarser ten-millimeter, with a thickness of 0.6 mm to 1.25 mm.
Even the thickest and widest nail file will easily break if you do not provide sufficient tension along the entire length of the nail file. For this, spring and helical springs are used. Quite often, such machines are equipped with an air pump, which cleans the cut from sawdust by blowing, as well as a drilling unit. The latter device is especially useful, because in this case the master does not need to be distracted by connecting an electric drill and drilling a hole - everything happens on the working plane of the machine. Of course, you have to pay for convenience!
How to make a jigsaw machine with your own hands from a manual jigsaw?
On the net you will find many different designs of homemade machines, but most of them come down to reprofiling into this machine. Using your ingenuity and watching the video, you can easily make a homemade jigsaw machine from this tool. You only need to modify the jigsaw a little. In fact, it plays the role of a machine tool drive and a crank mechanism, the rest needs to be thought out and implemented.
Of course, manufacturers are trying to please consumers in this area as well, offering their own platform options for quick and convenient rework, however, in reality, only you can make an apparatus that meets your needs. So, the first step is to make a support table, for which sheet metal is most often used. In it you need to make a slanted oblong hole for the saw blade and holes for fasteners (countersunk screws are recommended), and attach the jigsaw to the bottom of the support table.
This design can only be strengthened on a wooden table. You can go beyond this and install guide rails. The convenience of such an apparatus lies in the fact that in addition to performing functions that are not entirely inherent in it, you can always disconnect the drive and with a flick of the wrist turn it back into a manual electric jigsaw! If you constantly need this tool for work, it makes sense specifically for the machine - it will be cheaper than spending money on a real machine.
Advantages and disadvantages - we continue to modify!
But such an assembly inherits not only the advantages of the tool, but also its disadvantages, in particular, a nail file that is too wide for filigree work, which significantly limits the curvature of the lines. If there is a need for this, there is a way out. So far, our machine differs from the classic jigsaw unit by the absence of springs that would provide sufficient tension for the nail file. But to build a simple rocker, which on the one hand will be under the tension of the springs, and on the other hand fixed on a nail file, is quite easy.
There is another option - to clamp the nail file between two guide rollers, but the first option is still more reliable. Do not forget to turn off the pendulum stroke on the jigsaw before you start using a homemade machine. There is another design - if your tool is powerful enough, then it can only serve as a drive in a design of two rocker arms, between which a nail file is stretched. The movement is transmitted by means of a nail file fixed on the lower rocker arm.
Machine from a sewing machine - we give a second life to old tools!
If you inherited a foot or hand sewing machine from your grandmother or mother, consider yourself the owner of an excellent jigsaw! Of course, for this you need to “conjure” a little over the machine. First, remove the thread weaving device, which is usually located at the bottom of the machine. There is nothing complicated in this, it is enough to unscrew the two bolts. Then we knock out the cotter pin and remove the drive shaft leading to the thread weaving mechanism.
Having unscrewed the top panel that protects the mechanisms, it is necessary to expand the slot in which the needle went. Focus on the needs and width of the nail file that you will use in your work. Jigsaw blades of this kind also need to be slightly modified, namely cut to the maximum length of the needle that could be used on this machine. After grinding off the upper teeth and sharpening the lower part on the point, you just have to insert the nail file into the needle holder and test your machine in action!
A jigsaw machine is a special device that is designed to perform work on sawing wood, its derivatives, as well as other materials (for example: plastic, plasterboard, foam, and so on) along curved contours and straight lines.
Depending on the power of the electric drive, it can be divided into two types:
- power up to 150 W;
- power over 150 watts.
Machines with a power of up to 150 W are used mainly at home, to work on the manufacture of various crafts from materials of medium and low density and thickness.
Machines with a drive power of over 150W are mainly used in industrial environments, when working with hardwoods and other materials. Such jigsaw machines allow you to work with a material thickness of up to 10 centimeters.
For home and semi-professional use, in order to save money, you can make a homemade jigsaw. This will require the presence of initial knowledge in plumbing and electrical engineering, as well as a small amount of hand tools.
Making a homemade jigsaw
In order to make a jigsaw machine with your own hands, you will need:
- eight wooden planks for making a frame;
- a sheet of thick plywood for the countertop;
- several metal corners, a welding machine;
- electric jigsaw;
- accessories for fasteners, drill.
1) We start the design of the machine from the frame. The frame will require wooden blocks of square section 50 * 50 mm. For support posts, four beams 250 mm long are used.
For longitudinal connecting beams, bars with a length of 380 mm are used. End connecting beams have a length of 250mm. All bars are interconnected using conventional wood screws.
2) We make a countertop. We take plywood for the countertop, in this situation we should be guided by the principle: the thicker the better. Normal can be considered a sheet of plywood 10mm thick. The sheet is cut to the dimensions of the frame so that the edges and corners protrude 5 centimeters beyond the edge.
After that, on the plywood board, the attachment points of the legs and the jigsaw itself should be noted. Holes are drilled according to the marking so that the self-tapping screw falls in the center of the leg.
In the markings for the jigsaw, you should transfer the attachment points and drill holes. A hole for the saw blade is also pre-cut. We fasten the table top with self-tapping screws to the frame.
3) The next step is to install the jigsaw under the countertop. To do this, the entire rack structure is turned over onto the countertop cover.
The electric jigsaw is installed according to the markup and bolted to the countertop. At this stage, one must not forget that the canvas must already be installed and occupy the position provided for it with a margin for the hole.
At this stage, you will need a welding machine to make a fixing structure. It will require four corners. Bottom bar 50*50mm with two holes for bolts. A 200mm long corner is attached to it. Next, a corner with a size of 230 mm (selected for each case individually, depending on the distance from the edge of the tabletop to the canvas).
The descent to the canvas is carried out from a corner 150 mm long, to which a wheel from a jigsaw is attached. This design absorbs all the vibration from the canvas and prevents breakage. The whole structure is attached to the tabletop with two bolts. They should not loosen from vibration.
The work on the manufacture of the jigsaw machine is over, the machine is ready for full operation.
Video: do-it-yourself jigsaw machine.
A very nimble and compact enough tool, it can be incredibly useful for cutting straight and curly shapes. The appearance and functionality of the electric jigsaws sold is impressive, making you believe in the incredible complexity of the design of these devices. In fact, to recreate such a mechanism, it is enough to understand the principle of its operation, have instructions and a desire to do something with your own hands. It is not at all necessary to be an expert in technology with many years of experience (although this quality will not be superfluous). Next, we will conduct a detailed analysis of the average jigsaw model with drawings, and provide two detailed guides for the independent manufacture of such a tool.
How an electric jigsaw works
Although the jigsaw device is not particularly complex, its mechanism has certain features that require familiarization. To understand how to make a jigsaw, you must first understand what makes the saw blade reciprocate. For the most clear idea of the principle of operation of the device, we will present the main components that make up the mechanism of the tool and describe their interaction with each other.At the heart of any electric jigsaw are the following components: an electric motor, a gearbox and a rod with a saw blade clamp. Secondary but no less important elements include the start button, the support roller, the cooling fan and the soleplate. As additional functionality, many models have a pendulum stroke, a dust collector, a backlight and a laser guide. We will not touch on the principle of operation of the latter, and proceed to a description of the interaction of the main elements of the mechanism.
The high-frequency movements of the jigsaw saw blade originate from the electric motor, which is started by pressing a button or directly from the mains. The rotation is transmitted along the shaft to a special “reducer” mechanism with an eccentric, which interacts with the rod, forming reciprocating movements. In the mount, installed at the end of the rod, the saw is fixed, making the cut. To minimize the load on the rod with the gearbox, the rear edge of the saw blade rests against the support roller. Thus, all components of the device are involved in order to perform the main task of sawing all kinds of materials.
Drawings of electric balls
A detailed study of any device is much easier when there is a detailed diagram with a description of each element. Thanks to the exact names of parts with dimensions, the general idea of the principle of operation of the mechanism becomes more visual. Below we have posted a few detailed illustrations, since it is much easier to assemble an electric jigsaw with detailed drawings than to rely only on your own idea of the design features.
We hope that the diagrams presented will completely clarify your understanding of the structure of such a mechanism and provide useful food for thought in assembling your own jigsaw.
Making a jigsaw with your own hands
For a craftsman who understands the principle of operation of any mechanism, it will not be difficult to reproduce it, especially if there are detailed instructions on hand. The bicycle has already been invented, and to make it yourself, it is enough to have a set of necessary parts and tools available. The guide below will demonstrate in detail how to make a jigsaw with a complete listing of the elements and tools required for the job. The created product is not a stationary device, but a mobile saw with an electric drive. The power in the device is not so much, but enough to cut wood, up to 5 mm thick.
Required materials:
- Wooden block - 150x75x25 and 75x25x25 (width, height, thickness in mm)
- Metal plates - long and rectangular (as in the photo)
- Electric jigsaw file with U-shank
- Electric motor RS-540 12V (you can use any similar one)
- Electric circuit closing button
- gas stove nozzle
- Bicycle spoke
- Plastic circle with a diameter of 260 mm
- Plywood - 120x50x5
- Set of screws, bolts and nuts
- Hacksaw for metal
- triangular file
- Pliers (2 pcs)
- Screwdriver or drill with a set of drills
- Metal shears
- Pencil
The assembly of the jigsaw will begin with sawing out the handle from a larger bar. To do this, it is enough to cut, giving the rectangular board an L-shape, as in the photo. The dimensions of the sawn part are set "by eye", based on the preferences and size of the operator's hand.
One of the most important components of the device, serving as a movable rod and a saw blade retainer, requires increased reliability. This element is made of a long metal strip, 1 mm thick. At the end, the outline of the file shank is outlined, after which a triangular file is filed to create a pressure plate. Part of the metal strip is bent with pliers along the contour of the shank, after which a file is installed in an impromptu mount and a through hole is drilled for additional fixation with a bolt.
The saw blade, fixed on the rod, must be connected to the device using a guide. This part is made of rectangular metal plates. With the help of pliers, we bend the center of the plate into a flat groove for the stem with side mounting lugs. To prevent abrasion of wood and facilitate the movement of the file, we apply a similar piece of metal to the front side of the prepared handle and twist it together with the groove. As a result, the following construction should be obtained.
At the end of the rod, carefully bend the metal until a kind of loop is obtained, into which the end of the lever of the crank mechanism will be inserted.
We fasten the previously sawn off wooden rectangle to the top. It will serve as a stand for the motor, creating additional space for mounting the crank elements.
The transformation of engine rotations into reciprocating movements will occur with the help of an elementary mechanism made of a round plate, a gas nozzle and a weight-bearing spoke. In the center of the circle, we drill a hole with a diameter equal to the threaded part of the nozzle (so that it fits as tightly as possible). Next, install the nozzle in place and fix it with epoxy. We put the dried structure on the motor shaft. If the nozzle hole is too narrow, you can expand it with a drill of the required diameter. Between the center and the edge of the circle, we drill another small hole with the diameter of a bicycle spoke.
Unfortunately, not everywhere you can find an upgraded gas stove nozzle with a side screw used in the instructions. If only an ordinary one is available, it can be fixed on the shaft with a tin and a soldering iron, as in the photo below.
Having combined the engine with a round plate, it's time to turn it into a real crank. To do this, we take a bicycle knitting needle and bite off the bent hat and the threaded part with pliers to get an even metal rod. Next, we retreat from one end 10 mm, and bend at an angle of 90 °. We insert the bent part into the previously prepared eyelet in the stem and lift it up so that the screw for fixing the file rests against the metal plate.
The accuracy of the next step is most important, since the amplitude of the movement of the saw blade depends on it. It is necessary to determine the exact place for making the second bend of the rod so that the crank and rod connected by it work most efficiently. To do this, we put the engine in place of the future mounting and place the extreme hole of the circle up. Next, we bring a rod to the hole, the opposite edge of which is inserted into the eye of the rod raised to the stop and mark the place of the bend. We make a bend at an angle of 90 °, insert it into the hole of the circle and check the operation of the mechanism. If the crank works as it should, fix the motor in place with a metal plate.
The next structural element will be the sole, which also acts as a support for the saw blade. You can make a similar part from ordinary plywood, 5 mm thick. In the center of one of the ends, we make a small cut (20-30 mm) and pass the file of our jigsaw into it. We fix with a self-tapping screw with a countersunk head.
The final step is to install the start button and connect the wires. The button can be displayed in any place convenient for you. The author considered it necessary to put it on hot glue in the corner of the handle. We create an elementary electrical circuit (motor-button-network and motor-network) and connect it to a 12 volt power supply.
For smoother running, it is recommended to lubricate the stem with oil.
A more visual demonstration of this instruction, but unfortunately without comments, can be viewed in the video below.
Homemade jigsaw for polystyrene
Assembly of a fairly convenient and reliable device for cutting thin wooden blanks and polystyrene. This method is almost similar to the previous one, but has a more functional design. It is not necessary to compile a detailed description of how to make this electric jigsaw with your own hands, since the design of the device is similar to the previous assembly. We will give a complete list of the necessary materials and tools for manufacturing.
- Plywood 200x200x5 mm
- Wooden block - 120x50x50
- Spatula or sheet of metal, 1 mm thick
- Metal terminal for connecting wires
- Metal rod (spoke)
- Hacksaw blade
- Electric motor (DC) at 12 volts
- A piece of thin, flexible plastic
- Mounting metal corner
- A piece of PVC pipe as a handle
- Contact closure button
- 12 volt power supply with DC plug
- DC power connector
- Self-tapping screws, bolts and nuts
By instruments:
- File (file)
- Metal shears
- pliers
- Drill or screwdriver with a set of drill bits
- Core drill for wood with a diameter of 44 mm
- soldering iron
- Thermal gun
Also, there is another option for making a homemade jigsaw. The principle of operation of this product is similar to the previous two, there are some nuances in the design. We hope that the following video will be useful and give you fresh ideas for creating your instrument.
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The era of the electric tool did not come with the first electric drills, but when the electric motor became an attribute of a tool of a narrower focus: scissors, hacksaws, a wrench and, of course, a jigsaw.
Moreover, the electric jigsaw was one of the first in this series. Today it is one of the most popular tools in the home (and not only) workshop. And first of all, we are talking about a hand tool.
But in this article we are considering jigsaws, and these are almost stationary devices, which often have their own specific place in the workshop, because for comfortable work they require a base with the given parameters: height so that the arm placed on the desktop has a bend at the elbow of 90º and stability to dampen the vibrations of the machine itself.
What are jigsaws for?
Jigsaw machines are primarily designed for sawing parts or elements of complex configuration in sheet material: wood, plywood, MDF, fiberboard, chipboard, plastic, aluminum. Also, with their help, the internal contours of products are cut out with preliminary drilling of the material being cut.
Such a tool, unlike manual or electric jigsaws, leaves both hands free for those working on it, which greatly facilitates the work and allows you to perform it with the greatest accuracy. Most jigsaws, subject to the correct selection and installation of files, allow cutting even in fairly thick workpieces, with strict observance of an angle of 90º with respect to the plane of the workpiece.
Also, many models have an inclined table, which makes it possible to perform complex patterns at strictly specified angles other than straight, which is almost impossible when using manual or electric jigsaws.
In addition to home use, they are widely used in furniture production and musical instrument manufacturing enterprises. True, quite often they are replaced by laser machines, but the burnt edges left by the latter do not make their use ubiquitous.
General drawing, structural features of desktop jigsaws
The most common layout for jigsaw machines is as follows:
It includes:
- a frame (or body) on which all components and mechanisms are attached;
- drive, often from the electric motor with a V-belt to the crank;
- a crank mechanism that converts the rotational movement of the motor shaft into the reciprocating movement of the file;
- double rocker with a tensioner and attachments for sawing;
- desktop, sometimes with a mechanism for turning in a horizontal plane at a given angle.
Previously, miniature jigsaws with a somewhat simplified design were on sale, but it was precisely because of it, which led to the rapid failure of the saw blades due to their short stroke, that their production was discontinued.
Most of the currently produced desktop jigsaws work with files 200 - 350 mm long and have a working stroke of 30 to 50 mm.
The differences between the machines mainly consist in the power of the electric drive (from 90 to 500 W - for most models), as well as the type and methods of attaching saw blades. Optimal, in our opinion, is a power of 150 watts.
And files, in addition to length, can vary in width (from 2 to 10 mm), type of shank (with or without pins) and thickness (from 0.6 to 1.25 mm).
In some models, you can install the simplest, often called "Soviet", files for manual jigsaws, which is a big advantage. To implement just such an opportunity, owners of jigsaws that do not have it often improve the fastening of their devices by installing clamps from a manual jigsaw on them.
Most desktop jigsaws have 2 speed modes: more often - 600 and 1000 rpm, which is very useful when working with materials of different thickness, hardness and viscosity. The presence of the already mentioned turntable for 99% of the work performed on the machine is a useless function.
Also, most jigsaws are equipped with additional devices, such as:
- compressor for blowing chips from the cutting line;
- sawing area illumination;
- drilling block, etc.
It’s impossible to call these devices useless, but it’s still not worth focusing on their presence when choosing a desktop jigsaw machine, since the same functions can be successfully performed:
- a compressor for an aquarium, with a blowing power chosen by you, is often more efficient than a regular one;
- a table lamp or a carrier with a luminous flux that is comfortable for your eyes;
- electric drill or screwdriver.
Even more complex devices, such as engraving drills that your machine can be equipped with, generally cause some bewilderment, but let's say right away that it is better to have such tools not tied to a jigsaw (or any other) machine. Their mobility is often more expensive than the extended functionality of this very machine. Plus, it's not all free.
We make a choice of a manufacturer of a jigsaw machine
Most often, the Russian consumer has a choice of jigsaws Proxxon, Dewalt, Hegner, Xendoll, Bison, JET, Encore Corvette and Kroton. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. We would, in terms of reliability and compliance with the characteristics declared by the manufacturer, single out the machines of the German company Hegner. Yes, and their line of this equipment is more authentic than many, but be sure to insist on sea trials when buying, regardless of which company's machine you are going to buy.
And even if it is possible to choose from 2 identical machines, demand to turn on both. Buy one that has less noise and vibration.
Do-it-yourself jigsaw machine
Finding a drawing of such equipment on the Internet is a rather trivial task, but we do not consider it appropriate to single out any specific one from them, due to completely different approaches to implementation, both the very idea of \u200b\u200bbuilding such a machine, and the selection of materials, type of drive and other things. We will offer several concepts for a homemade jigsaw and briefly analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each so that you can figure out what is best for you.
- First: the easiest to implement, suitable for most tasks for the manufacture of parts with a rather complex contour at home.
There are many options for attaching a manual electric jigsaw to a tabletop that serves as the desktop of the machine. Choose any, or offer your own and share with the readers of our site, for which we will be grateful.
The video also shows how to make a complex contour using not the thinnest file. And the main drawback of this design is the impossibility of using thin files, which makes it difficult to manufacture openwork parts.
- Second: wooden. Interesting due to the fact that the material is available, easy to process and repair.
In our opinion, it is interesting to use the same manual electric jigsaw, which is rational for two reasons:
- if necessary, it can also be used as an independent tool, which was how it was made;
- the drive has a built-in speed control, oscillation amplitude, eliminates additional mechanisms that reduce the reliability of the design.
However, for those who like to craft, there are alternative options for making a wooden jigsaw.
When using a drill or a screwdriver with an adjustable output shaft speed as a drive, it will also be possible to smoothly adjust the frequency of the saw blade.
Moreover, the control of this process can be transferred to the pedal with the help of a simple device, which will make the work even more comfortable, and the cut more accurate. Such jigsaws must be well reinforced with braces and stringers and securely fastened to the floor so that they do not move during operation.
- Third: metal. There is no doubt that this concept is the most reliable and durable (provided that serious manufacturing errors are excluded), but also the most expensive. It makes sense to implement it if there will be a large number of works and you will be able to save a sufficient amount by using the materials you already have. Otherwise, there is not so much sense in making such structures with your own hands, given that inexpensive factory-made jigsaw machines can be purchased for less than 4 thousand rubles.
Of course, the latter does not matter if you are interested in the process of technical creativity itself.
Dear readers, if you still have questions, ask them using the form below. We will be glad to communicate with you;)
The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a homemade jigsaw is most often due to the shortcomings that a factory hand tool has. You can make a small desktop machine with your own hands, which will include a pusher, a reciprocating motor, a file tension system. In this case, you do not need complex drawings - having understood the essence, it is easy to achieve a result.
How to make your own setup
The desire to create a homemade jigsaw may arise for several reasons:
- There is no power supply in the workshop, but it is possible to use low power internal combustion engines.
- There are pneumatic motors, but the compressor power is not enough for a serial tool.
- The electric motor is powered by batteries or solar panels, the power of the source is not enough for the use of power tools.
- It is required to obtain saw movement parameters that are unattainable when using a serial tool.
Designing a jigsaw is not difficult. A typical structure looks like this:
The unit can be easily adapted to any torque source. A pair of pulleys (one is located on the motor shaft, the other drives the crank mechanism) allow you to vary the gear ratio, reducing the load on the power unit and allowing you to get the desired speed (they are also responsible for the number of saw strokes per minute) on the actuator.
The machine, built according to the above scheme, can have a very different configuration, the material of manufacture is also selected individually. An example of a finished installation looks like this:
Disadvantages of a manual jigsaw
A manual electric jigsaw is designed to form even cuts. At the same time, as the rollers, rod, and pusher wear out, the saw may be beating and deviate from a straight line, and the angle of attack may change. Regardless of the quality of the tool assemblies, the following features are always present:
- When the saw becomes blunt, a deviation from a straight line is observed when cutting material of uneven density (for example, low-quality chipboard). The saw is able to leave the cut line, having met a knot in the wood.
- When trying to make a figured radius cut, one can observe the following picture: the upper cut line, followed by the worker, follows an exact trajectory, the lower one deviates, goes to the side, the radius becomes larger. The higher the wear of the tool and the lower the sharpness of the saw, the more pronounced this phenomenon.
- Some materials cannot be worked with the pickup or bottom feed of the saw. The carpenter is required to drive the tool forward extremely evenly, which cannot be done very accurately, resulting in a beating of the saw along the path of entry and exit.
It is even more difficult to work with thin saws designed for curly cuts. If there is no practice, it is very difficult to achieve a good result, especially on a thick slab or wood materials. Consider how you can make the work of a carpenter easier, and the result better.
Standard Solutions
A manual jigsaw machine is made on the basis of a simple table. This device is common, mass-produced, samples can be seen in the photographs below.
The mechanics of work is simple:
- The jigsaw clearly fixes the tool, ensuring that there is no influence of the human factor (the hand can lead the jigsaw unevenly).
- The presence of a support allows you to move the device without deviations along the trajectory.
With the help of a table, jigsaws begin to cut in a straight line, but the possibilities of such a device are limited. If you remove the side stop and try to guide the workpiece, forming a curved cut, the same problems of saw deflection arise. The problem can be solved by using a simple saw, rigidly fixed with a pair of rollers. Making curly cuts is now convenient and fast. How homemade and industrial products of this type look like is shown in the following photos.
Tensioners for curved cuts
To perform very thin and precise curly cuts, you can make a machine from an electric jigsaw with a saw blade tension system. The idea of \u200b\u200bdoing it yourself is as follows:
- A very thin saw is used, ideally for a manual jigsaw.
- A clamp is attached to the rod of the power tool, which will stretch the cutting blade.
- The trajectory stabilization system will regulate both one freedom of movement and two (horizontal and vertical).
As a tension block, a hand-held jigsaw clamp is used, to which an adapter is made, which, in turn, is inserted into the clamping fixture of the power tool rod. To ensure the adjustment of one freedom of movement, a pair of angles and a bolt are used. The result of the implementation of the idea is presented in the following photo.
The saw provides a clear vertical movement, you can create a good tension, but there is a mandatory runout in the horizontal direction. The canvas goes with pickup, it does not move in a straight line.
The development of this idea is in the next photo. Here the part fixing the trajectory moves, and the metal clamp provides structural rigidity and mechanical resistance.
The system is stabilized in two degrees of freedom, the cut made with its help is accurate and accurate. Using a diamond-coated cord for a hand jigsaw, you can cut glass without the formation of sloppy chips on the edges.
Devices for extremely fine work
If you need to work extremely delicately and slowly, you will need to reduce the force on the cutting blade and at the same time provide a strong tension and precise movement of the file. To do this, a home-made jigsaw is equipped with spacers with long arms.
In this case, the power tool does not operate in the cut zone, but at some distance. This allows, depending on the wishes of the carpenter, to adjust the force, speed and amplitude of the saw movement. One of the options for implementing the idea is presented in the following photo.
Depending on the needs of the master, the structure can be made of steel, have additional fixing zones, the power tool can not be installed rigidly, but with the possibility of movement within its support beam.
In practice, such solutions are rarely used. For delicate work that is done constantly, it is much more profitable to purchase a specialized band saw that will ensure quality and productivity.
As can be seen from the presented designs, a jigsaw can even be made from a sewing machine with a moving stem.
technika.expert
DIY desktop jigsaw | Construction portal
A desktop jigsaw is an indispensable thing for any owner who is used to doing housework on his own. Especially electric jigsaws are good for residents of the private sector, lovers of manual labor and summer holidays. From its prototype, an ordinary manual jigsaw, the desktop electric model has gone far enough. A desktop jigsaw makes it easier and faster to cut, not to mention improving quality.
The concept of desktop jigsaw
The jigsaw is a saw, which is characterized by reciprocating movements of the saw blade, which acts as a working body. It has a ski designed to guide the saw blade when moving over the surface that is being processed, and making movements at a frequency of up to 3000 vibrations per minute.
This tool was invented in 1946. Its creator is Albert Kaufman, who replaced the needle in a sewing machine with a blade. The tool appeared on sale in 1947. The manual electric jigsaw has a body with a flat platform and a handle. The main difference between an electric jigsaw and a manual jigsaw is its greater functionality and cutting quality.
Inside is an electric motor and a special mechanism that drives the blade. In stationary jigsaws, there is no handle, and the platform is located on top. In front of the mechanism there is a guide, in the lower part there is a retractable blade that moves and makes cuts.
The tool works as follows: a table jigsaw file is securely fastened with clips in the slider. Reciprocating movements have a frequency of up to 3000 strokes and can be adjusted. The support platform allows the jigsaw to focus on the part being cut, so the work is carried out very accurately.
The purpose of the desktop jigsaw
The jigsaw is an essential accessory for every workshop and every hobbyist. His thin file can successfully cut plywood, copper, iron, thick boards, brass, steel. Tools can be motorized, foot or hand-operated and are more productive. An electric jigsaw is simply indispensable for carpenters, woodworkers, furniture designers, drywall workers who make complex parts.
An electric jigsaw can perform straight and curved cuts on workpieces with complex shapes and various sheet materials without disturbing the external contour. Most often, desktop jigsaws are used for cutting wood and wooden plates, figures with a complex outline from laminate and drywall, plastic blanks, and also for cutting sheet metal.
The desktop electric jigsaw makes clean cuts of complex shapes and works with fine details. Due to the stable and fixed position during operation, high cutting accuracy is achieved. The file has a stable course thanks to the tension system and guides, which manual jigsaws lack. The large size of the table makes it stable, so that a precisely defined sawing direction is observed.
Types of jigsaws
Today, a wide variety of electric jigsaws are presented on the power tool market, which differ in the nature of the application, technical characteristics, type of power supply and design features. In hardware stores you can buy a desktop jigsaw for every taste and budget.
By design features, it is difficult to classify, because each manufacturer seeks to provide its products with features that are designed to facilitate and improve the operation of the tool. In this regard, the shape of the handle is an important parameter.
Two types of handles have settled - mushroom-shaped and D-shaped. A jigsaw with a staple-like handle requires one-handed operation. This increases the possibility of using a jigsaw, but somewhat negatively affects the quality of the material cut.
Mushroom handles allow for more accurate cuts when holding the jigsaw with both hands, after fixing the workpiece to be cut. The choice of a jigsaw with a certain shape of the handle depends on the financial capabilities and personal preferences of the buyer. It is worth choosing the jigsaw with which it will be more convenient to work.
Household jigsaws are not designed for intensive use, but the low price of a desktop jigsaw and the power that is enough for domestic needs make them indispensable in the household.
Professional jigsaws are characterized by high wear resistance and the possibility of many hours of daily use (up to 8 hours). The significant power of such jigsaws allows you to process materials of great thickness. Extended equipment and improved features are reflected in the price.
Among professional jigsaws, industrial ones also stand out, which are characterized by greater adaptability to complex operations and drive features - for example, increased power supply voltage. Industrial models are machines that are designed for the woodworking industry.
By type of power supply, there are network and battery electric jigsaws. Network models are powered by a standard voltage power supply. If performance is important to you, then you should choose a corded power tool.
Cordless jigsaws provide independence from the presence of sockets and greater mobility during work. When buying a battery model, you should pay attention to the type of battery. Increased performance is inherent in lithium-ion batteries. Battery capacity is responsible for the duration of work without recharging.
Advantages of desktop jigsaws
The desktop electric jigsaw is a stationary design, so this type of cutting tool has many advantages. Modern models can work with wooden materials with a thickness of 40-50 millimeters. A narrow saw acts as a working body, which performs vertical reciprocating movements. Due to the peculiarities of the notching of the teeth and the mechanics of the movements of the file, the material is cut out by moving upwards.
The desktop electric jigsaw allows you to cut out complex decorative details, to make longitudinal, straight, oblique and transverse cuts. The wide tabletop allows you to process large parts and make cuts inside wide workpieces. Reliable fastening protects the body from unnecessary vibrations and allows you to well position the material, so the motor can work without overloading.
The advantages of desktop jigsaws include good accuracy and clarity of cuts, high safety and ease of use, wide customization options for the material and the required detail of the cut workpieces.
If you need to cut small parts, a manual jigsaw will not be very convenient. It is quite heavy, so you have to hold it with one hand and guide the workpiece with the other. And the desktop jigsaw is devoid of this drawback. Perhaps the inconveniences are too large sizes and the difficulty of working with large details.
The desktop jigsaw is a kind of mini-machine for cutting workpieces. If you buy a jigsaw in a store, most likely there will be an opportunity to select the power and adjust the frequency of the saw strokes. However, you can make the simplest homemade desktop jigsaw, and very quickly. You will need a manual jigsaw, a few screws, a small piece of plywood and just an hour of work.
Making a desktop jigsaw
A carefully made electric jigsaw will not be inferior to a factory-made one, and in some respects even surpasses it. It is not difficult to assemble such an electric jigsaw if you have the necessary materials. Next, we describe a simple scheme of such manipulations.
The design of the jigsaw includes the following components: a handle, a switch button, an insulating washer, a power cord, a frame, a heating thread, a screw clamp and an earring. First you need to make a frame. You will need a duralumin pipe with an outer diameter of up to twelve millimeters.
You can also use textolite with a thickness of at least ten millimeters or thick plywood for the base. But keep in mind, the lighter the frame, the more convenient the jigsaw will be to use. Be sure to provide a channel so that you can later lay the power cord. The best shape of the frame is the one with one of the sides deviated by 45 degrees.
Next, you need to make an earring. It is made of copper sheet with a thickness of one millimeter. After that, it is fastened with screws to the frame, where it connects to the handle. Thus, the screw, wing nut and earring will form a clamp in which the heating thread can be fixed. The thickness of the duralumin sheet should be up to 0.8 millimeters. It is necessary to make clamping cheeks from it, between which there is a button-switch.
After that, you need to cut a gap in the plywood through which the file can pass. It can be done with a drill. To do this, it is necessary to drill holes along the marking line, and smooth the transitions. Instead of plywood, you can use plastic, metal, plexiglass and others. Next, you place and drill mounting holes on the plywood and the base plate of the jigsaw.
Then you need to fix the jigsaw with screws on the plywood base so that the file can pass through the gap. You attach the structure to the table with a clamp so that the file is pointing up. You can also secure the platform in any way you can. The jigsaw file remains conventional, but the possibilities for good sawing are expanded by freeing up the hands.
You can use a nichrome coil from any household heating device (for example, an iron) as a heating filament. It must be secured with tension between the ends of the frame bends. To heat up the thread, you need to apply a tension of about 14 V. To control the operating mode, you can use a rheostat.
The current is determined by the thickness and length of the nichrome filament. With the help of a rheostat, it will be possible to set the optimal current strength (no more than 3-5 A), which will affect the temperature to which the thread is heated. Before starting work, it is necessary to determine the current strength. But keep in mind that if the force is too high, the material being cut out can be caught in flames, and if it is not enough, it will not be taken. A do-it-yourself desktop jigsaw will allow you to cut out figures with complex contours from various types of materials.
Rules for using a desktop jigsaw
When working with a desktop jigsaw, you must adhere to some rules:
- While cutting, do not press hard on the tool, otherwise, at best, the needle will break, at worst, you will spoil the work.
- Change blades from time to time. An old saw can spoil and destroy the surface of the material.
- If you work with organic glass and non-ferrous alloys, the surface of the product must be moistened with water. Such an operation will speed up the process and extend the life of the saw.
- If you are cutting a surface with a thickness of less than one millimeter, place a sheet of wood or plywood under the material being processed.
- Before cutting, it is necessary to fix the material. It is better not to make long cuts by hand, the line may turn out to be crooked.
- To cut different materials, appropriate blades are needed, with a special pitch and length.
- Rotate the tool by turning only the back of the tool.
- When cutting the laminate, an adhesive tape is glued to the cut line, which protects the material from chipping.
- If the need arises for curved cuts, set the jigsaw pendulum to a minimum.
If you have not yet fully understood how to make a desktop electric jigsaw, watch a video about this procedure. This tool allows you to cut complex parts from wood and other materials, to make longitudinal, oblique, straight and transverse cuts. With the help of an electric jigsaw, you can process large parts, wide workpieces and small products, which is not superfluous at home.
strport.ru
wood jigsaw
For slotted carving and cutting out small parts from wood, plywood, plexiglass, plastics and other materials, jigsaws of various designs and types are used. It can be manual ("pioneer"), mechanical and electric jigsaws. Various magazines cited diagrams of home-made jigsaws driven by electric motors and even electric drills. But with the advent of the sale of manual electric jigsaws, it became possible to both install them on a table for cutting large parts, and use them as a drive for jigsaws for cutting small parts. The manual jigsaw is well balanced, powerful enough and has a speed control, which greatly expands the possibilities of its application.
Still, in my opinion, the electric jigsaw has a significant drawback, this is the inability to adjust the amplitude of the stroke of the nail file. But I dealt with this shortcoming by making a file stroke regulator.
The basis for the manufacture of the machine was taken from the version printed in Wood magazine No. 12 1986.
The dimensions of the rocker arms were chosen based on their own needs. It should be borne in mind that by increasing the length, we will increase the size of the workpiece, this is a plus. But at the same time, we will increase the vibration of the file, as well as the mass of the rocker arms, which will lead to an increase in the vibration of the entire machine, and this is a minus. Therefore, we make the length no more than necessary. An increase in the rear of the rocker arms will lead to easier file tension, but again, to an increase in mass and, accordingly, vibration. There is an opinion that by balancing the rocker relative to the swing axis, it is possible to reduce the vibration of the machine. In my opinion, this is not correct.
Vibration can be reduced by reducing the mass of the rocker arm as much as possible. But at the same time it is necessary that it remains rigid, and can withstand heavy loads.
For tensioning, it is convenient to use eccentric clamps from a bicycle. The tension of the nail file should be implemented through a rigid spring. It will help reduce the number of nail file breaks.
The nail file fastening should quickly and reliably fix nail files of different sizes.
The slats on which the rocker arms are attached must be securely connected to each other in order to reduce vibration.
The entire structure of the machine must be rigid and reliable. Management should be in a convenient location.
I will answer all your questions.
I wish you successful crafts.
shenrok.blogspot.ru
instrument.guru > DIY > using drawings
With the help of a homemade jigsaw, anyone can make furniture, modern comfortable shelves and other wood products. Its mechanism helps to cut wooden parts of absolutely any shape. And also with its help it is possible to process plastic and other dense materials. In order for the jigsaw to comply with all norms and rules, you need to carefully approach the choice of its design. Additionally, drawings from the network will help to make a jigsaw machine with your own hands.
- How to make a jigsaw machine with your own hands
The design of jigsaw machines
Absolutely any electric homemade jigsaw contains the following parts:
- drive unit;
- connecting rod assembly;
- saw;
- work surface;
- saw tension mechanism;
- additional mechanisms.
The material to be processed should be laid on the work surface. Many models are equipped with a rotary mechanism that changes the inclination of the cutting surface. In order to facilitate the application of markings on the processed material, graduation is applied to the working surface. It is worth choosing a jigsaw with a large desktop size, because it will make the longest cut. Basically, for most models of electric jigsaws, this indicator is about 35 centimeters. The optimal drive power for a do-it-yourself jigsaw machine is no more than 200 watts.
The crank assembly mechanism is able to convert the rotation of the drive into translational motion and transmits it to the saw. The optimal frequency of the saw movement per minute is about 900, and the amplitude of the vertical movement should not exceed 6 centimeters.
Many types of electric jigsaws are equipped with a speed controller, which allows you to adjust depending on the type of material. A jigsaw file is capable of processing wood and plastic up to 12 centimeters thick, with a length of up to 40 centimeters. To work with different materials, the files can be changed, their width ranges from 2 to 12 millimeters. The manual tension mechanism secures the blade for a smooth cut. Its role is performed by spring or helical springs.
The main types of jigsaw machines
All electric jigsaw machines are usually divided according to the following criteria:
The most popular are electric jigsaws with a lower support, in which the bed is divided into upper and lower parts. The first contains the cleaning and cutting modules, and the second contains the electric motor, controller module, switching and transmission mechanisms. These machines can process absolutely any sheets of material.
Double caliper jigsaws have a major difference. It lies in the fact that in the upper part of the bed there is another rail. Such equipment is well suited for the manufacture of oversized products. Such devices are very easy to install and allow you to process products with a thickness of not more than 9 centimeters. Additionally, the machine comes with a convenient desktop with adjustable height and angles.
Suspended jigsaws are not equipped with a stationary frame and have great mobility. When performing work, the cutting module moves, not the material being processed. The working module itself is fixed on the ceiling on its own, which is why the size of the workpiece does not matter. The cutting mechanism moves with its own hands, regardless of the bed. In this case, it becomes possible to make a wide variety of patterns.
Electric jigsaws with stops and a degree scale are ideal for the most precise work with the help of drawings. Their design helps to avoid errors during operation. Universal type jigsaws are capable of doing several types of work. This is, first of all, cutting, grinding, polishing, drilling and many others.
How to make a jigsaw machine with your own hands
When developing a drawing for a homemade jigsaw machine, the total number of elements must be reduced to a minimum. A saw with a fixed rocking chair, an electric motor and a bed is enough. If desired, a motor from any electric machine is suitable. Much more fortunate are people who own a manual jigsaw. It is necessary to make a special stand from a plywood sheet and fix a jigsaw on it. To fix it, it is worth making holes in the base of the jigsaw. Thus, the simplest jigsaw machine can be considered ready.
Next, it’s worth talking about more functional and complex models of devices that you can do yourself. A home-made frame is made from a sheet of plywood 12 millimeters thick, textolite or plastic. Such a bed is a working surface, the base of the machine and a special box for the location of various mechanisms and an electric motor.
On the reverse side, it is necessary to place an eccentric with a rocking chair, which must be connected with a metal plate with bearings and bushings. This whole structure must be fixed with screws. To install the intermediate shaft, you need to find several bearings. A special metal pulley fits quite tightly onto the shaft, and the screw connector is securely fastened. Similarly, you need to make a homemade eccentric for the device.
In order to change the frequency of movement of the rocking chair, it is necessary to make several through holes on the installed flange and cut threads into them. They must be removed from the central axis at different distances. By changing the place where the screw is screwed in, it is possible to adjust the amplitude of movement of the rocking chair, which consists of several wooden yokes attached to the rack with hinges. The ends of the rocker arms have through cuts into which tension screws are inserted. A file is attached to the other ends, moving with the help of metal hinges. For fixing, the file is installed in a special groove of the working surface.
The saw blade attachment can be considered the most important. When assembling a jigsaw machine with your own hands, this part should be given great attention. The plates inserted into the rocker arms carry a huge load during operation, which is why they need to be strengthened and tightened with fasteners with high quality. The two tie-down earrings do not need to be tightly compressed with screws, which will allow the axle hinges to move.
The rocker arm mechanism is best made from solid material. On one side, you need to make a groove for the rocker, and on the other, you need to cut a rectangular opening for the second rocker. In order to make it easier to make holes, it is worth folding the rack from several parts.
