With the advent of spring, gardeners have many worries. One of them is the protection of perennial plants from diseases. Most drugs work in warm weather, but there are those that are effective at low temperatures from +3 0. In the article, we will analyze the Horus fungicide, how to apply it in spring (autumn), how to breed (norms), when to process and reviews of leading gardeners about it.

Horus fungicide to protect fruit trees, berry bushes and grapes from diseases

Horus was developed by the famous Swiss company Syngenta Crop Protection Co, one of the world leaders in the production of crop protection products.

Composition and mechanism of action. Advantages and disadvantages

The drug is based on 4-cyclopropyl-6-methyl-N-phenylpyrimidine-2-amine from the category of aniline pyrimidines ( aniline-pyrimidine). Substances have a detrimental effect on pathogenic microorganisms, blocking the formation of protein compounds characteristic of a number of microorganisms. While it does not affect the formation of proteins of higher plants and animals, since it acts only on fungi.

Diseases of fruit plants against which Horus is used (the numbers in the photo correspond to the name of the disease):
1-2. - Scab of apple and pear,
3 - 4. Moniliosis of apple and pear,
5 - Plum moniliosis
6, 7, 8 - Powdery mildew of cherry,
Powdery mildew of gooseberry,
Powdery mildew of peach.
9 - Plum leaf curl

Horus is effective against certain types of fungi:

• Actinomycetes (Ascomycetes),
• deuteromycetes (Deuteromycetes),
• some varieties of basidimycetes (Basidiomycetes).

It is these representatives that cause the most common diseases of tree fruit species. Among them:

To a lesser extent, it helps against various types of fruit rot.

The final stage of the lesion, shown in the photo, cannot be treated by Horus, he will no longer be able to cope with it. The drug is used for prevention and at the first symptoms of the disease. With its help, infection can be prevented in the spring, while the temperature is kept up to +25 0. In conditions above this mark, the effectiveness of the fungicide drops to zero. This property can be attributed to the disadvantages.

The advantage of the drug is its high activity in cold conditions of high humidity.

After spraying, it should not rain for at least 2 hours.

Mechanism of action

The fungicide does not allow the spores of fungal pathogens to germinate. And, that negligible amount that has not been processed does not pose a danger to plants.

10-14 days after application, it decomposes into components that are safe for humans, plants and the environment.

Specialist consultation

Horus is not used on severely affected plants and fruits because it cannot overcome the rough coat of mature pathogens.

It performs a preventive role when fungi are in the initial stage of development, immediately after winter, in early spring.

A. V. Ivanova - candidate of biological sciences,
senior researcher at the All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection.

Features of the drug

In addition to the temperature range, it is important to consider other characteristics:

• The greatest activity of the drug is manifested at air humidity over 80%.
• The active substance has low mobility when it enters the soil, therefore it cannot end up in groundwater.
• The effect on plants is selective, it cannot penetrate into the leaves of ovaries and fruits.
• Belongs to the third class of danger to humans. Nearly non-toxic to bees, birds and fish.
• It is used not only to protect fruit trees and berry bushes, but also for ornamental perennials.

For many years of use, long-term consequences of a negative environmental impact have not been detected.

Instructions for use

Before purchasing the drug, it should be borne in mind that the opened package is not stored, its contents must be used at a time. On sale there are bags of 1g, 3g and 15g. For the same reason, the working solution is prepared immediately before work.

It is easy to prepare the drug for work:

• Part of the water is immediately poured into the sprayer tank, filling it by one quarter;
• Stirring continuously, the drug is injected until completely dissolved, after which water is added to the desired volume;
• Shake the sprayer vigorously several times before turning it on.

Features of the use of fungicide to protect fruit trees

For seed crops:

• apple trees,
• Pears,
• Quinces,

and also for stone fruit trees:

• plums,
• Cherry plums,
• apricot,
• Cherries,
• Cherries,
• Peach

Prepare a working solution, at the rate of 3 g of the drug per 10 liters of water. Processing is carried out in the spring, taking into account the vegetative development of the plant species and variety.

Name of culture	Name of the disease	Application regulations	Permissible multiplicity of treatments
Apple tree	Scab	· First treatment in spring in the green cone stage before flowering; Repeated sessions at the end of flowering, with a frequency of 10 days	4
	Moniliosis
	powdery mildew
Plum	Clusterosporosis	Before flowering - the first spraying; · Following, after flowering at the beginning of the formation of the ovary.	2
	Moniliosis
Cherry	Clusterosporosis	Primary application at the very beginning of flowering; Two subsequent after the faded petals fall off with an interval of 7 to 10 days.	3
	coccomycosis
	Moniliosis
Apricot	Clusterosporosis	The regulation is the same as for processing plums.	3
	Moniliosis
Peach	Clusterosporosis	In the spring period, which is called: "on a rose bud", when the flower bud barely opened; Second treatment - immediately after flowering; Third, (if necessary) 2 weeks after the second.	3
	Moniliosis
	leaf curl

• Working fluid consumption rate for one adult tree - 5 liters. For processing small plants, you will need half as much, that is, 2 - 2.5 liters.
• The duration of the protective action– 7 – 10 days. This means that you do not need to re-spray until this period has passed. The duration of protection depends on the weather . In cool and humid conditions, the drug lasts longer.
• Waiting time - 10 - 15 days.

Use for the prevention and treatment of berry bushes

To protect black currant, gooseberry, yoshta, the concentration of the working solution is doubled compared to the saturation for trees It would seem, why is this needed, because bushes are much smaller than trees. But they are closer to the ground, so they are more susceptible to infection by pathogens that live in the upper layers of the soil. With the evaporation of moisture, they quickly settle on a low crown.

The dosage of the working solution for shrubs - 6 g per 10 liters of water, for the prevention of various types of spotting.

The exception is powdery mildew- against it, it is enough to dissolve 4 g in 10 liters of water.

A high concentration is also necessary because the shrubs are treated only once before flowering, because they bear fruit early. Spraying berries during the period of the disease is useless. The features of the drug are such that it cannot protect the fruit tissue. That is why this must be done in advance, before flowering begins.

The list of diseases and the consumption rate of the working fluid is shown in the table:

Important! Horus is not used to protect white currant, red currant, raspberry. It can accumulate in fruits, penetrating through a thin shell.

For strawberries

• To protect plantings from white and brown spotting, a solution prepared from 6 g of the drug and 10 liters of water is used.
• For prevention against powdery mildew - 2 g per 10 liters of water.
• Spray garden strawberries (strawberries) before flowering.
• The fluid consumption rate is 2 liters per 100 m 2.

Spraying is carried out once, in the spring.

Grape processing efficiency

The use of Horus for grapes differs from other crops:

• The first treatment is carried out as soon as the first symptoms of the disease are detected. They appear during the period of budding before blooming flower buds.
• The next spraying is done after flowering, at the beginning of the formation of a bunch.
• The time of the third session is the beginning of ripening, when the berries are just beginning to change color.

Horus is good for oidium(true grape powdery mildew) and gray mold.

For the prevention and treatment of these diseases, a working solution is prepared with a concentration of 4 g per 10 liters of water and the grape crown is treated, adhering to the consumption rate -

2 liters per 100 m 2 of green mass.

Time interval between procedures - 7 - 10 days.

Multiplicity of spraying - 3 times.

As for mildew (downy mildew of grapes), reviews about the use of the drug against this disease are quite contradictory.

In a cool and humid climate, it is considered effective.

But, experts have noticed that where grapes are grown on plains with a predominance of warm weather (starting from Hungary in an easterly direction), Horus not only does not heal, on the contrary, reduces the immunity of plants.

It happens like this, after spraying with mildew, it may not disappear, and in addition, other diseases will appear against which the fungicide is powerless.

This effect can be explained by high summer temperature, low humidity and dust content in the air. Such conditions sharply reduce the effectiveness of the drug, but contribute to the development of pathogens.

In hot weather, as well as against fungi with mature mycelium, the drug is completely useless.

However, if you decide to fight mildew with the help of Horus, you should follow these tips:

• The concentration of the working solution is 6 g per 10 liters of water;
• Consumption rate - 3 liters per 100 m 2 crowns.

The method and frequency of treatments, as for protecting grapes from oidium.

Minecraft Horus are blocks in the End (Ender dimension) that make up a plant. Can be grown using chorus flowers. Chorus trees are usually 10-15 blocks tall, although a single plant can be up to 22 blocks tall. You need to get a chorus plant with any ax. In the picture below, you can see the chorus and flower blocks for comparison - framed and natural. The chorus itself is additionally circled in the screenshot.

Horus grows on the territory of the distant islands of the Land from flowers (chorus) on Endernak. You can manually plant it in another dimension (also on Endernyak). During growth, additional flowers may appear on the sides. The plant can reach a decent height.

The flowers must be harvested before harvesting the fruits (stalk blocks) to avoid losing the chorus seeds, as when the lower blocks are destroyed, all upper blocks are destroyed and fruits without seeds fall out. In survival mode, you can not get the plant stem. A stem block, when harvested, has a chance to yield one Horus Fruit. If a block is cut down with the rest of the plant above it, it also drops, except for chorus flowers, which must be harvested by hand.

Horus fruit can be eaten or, more simply, eaten, restoring satiety. But this can lead to the player's teleportation, and in an unknown direction. Risky?

Cooking in a furnace is also available in order to then be used for crafting purple blocks, which in turn will serve as a material for making purple slabs and steps. For instance:

Horus is a blocky plant found in the End, but can also be grown in any dimension. The Flower of Horus grows on the Edge stone, after growth the Flower rises up, leaving another block in its place - the Horus plant, after several such stages the plant begins to grow to the sides.

Horus can be found in the End, destroyed and mined by hand. It can then be grown in the overworld by planting on an End Stone block.

Extraction of the Horus fruit, which is used as food
- Decoration

The first thing that meets us on the distant islands of the End is the corus plant. Korus consists of corus blocks, corus flowers and corus fruits. When the lower block is removed, the entire plant is destroyed. To collect flowers, you need to destroy them with your hand, then the flower will fall out with a 100% chance.

If you take several End Stones with you, then, regardless of the amount of light, which means anywhere, you can place a corus flower on this block. After a while, (roughly at the rate of wheat growth) the flower reaches its maximum growth and is replaced by a corus block and a new flower appears on top. After a while, the flower generates side shoots, forming branches. Upon reaching a height of 10-15 blocks, growth stops - you can harvest. But if you plant a flower on an already grown corus, growth can be continued. In this way, an infinitely tall tree can be grown. It's time to harvest.

When destroying corus blocks, about every third block you can get a corus fruit. It can be used for food. It restores 2 hunger and 2.4 saturation. At the same time, he teleports you in a radius of 8 blocks, so do not eat corus near the lava and the abyss. Although when falling, it teleports you to a hard surface, but this fact does not always work to its fullest and you can suddenly take damage.

Material prepared by: Yuri Zelikovich, teacher of the Department of Geoecology and Nature Management

© When using site materials (quotes, tables, images), the source must be indicated.

Horus fungicide is developed by Syngenta Crop Protection Co. It is produced in the form of VDG water-dispersed granules with an active ingredient content of 750 g/kg. Distinctive features of the drug:

• Shows activity at a temperature above +3 degrees Celsius. At temperatures above +25 degrees, the effectiveness of the drug drops sharply.
• Most active in wet weather.
• It is not washed off by rain 2 hours after application.
• Inactive in the soil, does not penetrate into groundwater.
• It acts locally on plants, i.e. is not able to penetrate the cuticle of adult leaves, ovaries and ripening fruits.
• It is slightly toxic to bees and other insects (hazard class 4).
• The hazard class for warm-blooded animals is the 3rd, but weakly penetrates through the integument of the body and mucous membranes.
• Fungicidal action of medium strength, but quite effective against diseases of fruit crops that most affect the quantity and quality of the crop.
• No long-term negative systemic effects clearly associated with Horus have been noted to date.

In terms of the totality of its qualities, Horus is primarily a fungicide for early spring use - it destroys the wintering phases of pathogenic fungi at the beginning of germination. In the event of a sudden defeat of fruit berries with various kinds of fruit rot and powdery mildew, the timely use of Horus can reduce crop losses by 30-50%

Action

The active ingredient (AI) of Horus is cyprodinil (4-cyclopropyl-6-methyl-N-phenylpyrimidine-2-amine), belonging to the class of aminopyrimidines. In German special sources, it is referred to as aniline pyrimidines (aniline-pyrimidine). Whoever remembers something from organic chemistry, according to the formula (in the figure below), will see that both are true in essence. The mechanism of action of cyprodinil on pathogens is similar to that of many other fungicides: it blocks the synthesis of amino acids (and corresponding proteins) in the cells of affected objects. The effect of cyprodinil on protein and DNA synthesis in warm-blooded animals, as well as its phytotoxicity, was not noted; in this respect, it is more than other means focused specifically on mushrooms.

Cyprodinil as an active ingredient of not strong, but relatively safe fungicides has been known to specialists for a long time. In the order of early spring application from pathogenic fungi, its greater penetration into the mesophyll of young leaves than that of DV analogues is attractive (in the figure below). This, combined with the activity of the drug at low temperatures and in bad weather, makes it possible to destroy pathogen seedlings at the very beginning. After 1-2 weeks, cyprodinil breaks down into harmless components, which makes it possible to use it to treat ripe fruits. But at the same time, the low mobility of cyprodinil limits its capabilities as a fungicide: it does not take overgrown "mature" mushrooms, it is not able to penetrate through their covers.

Features of the accumulation of the active substance Horus (cyprodinil) in plants

Scope of application

Horus is a fairly specialized drug: it is active against the fungi of actinomycetes (Ascomycetes), deuteromycetes (Deuteromycetes) and certain types of basidimycetes (Basidiomycetes). However, they cause the greatest losses in the volume of harvest and commercial qualities of the crop.

At the initial stages of the disease, Horus allows you to cope with such fungal diseases of fruit crops as (see also Fig.):

1. scab of apples and pears;
2. moniliosis burn (moniliosis) of pome and stone fruits (plums);
3. powdery mildew of stone fruits, berries and peach;
4. curl of peach leaves;
5. and, with less success, other fruit rots and blotches.

Note: Of course, at the stages of the disease shown in Fig. for clarity, it is useless to treat the fruits. And the drug will not help, and they are no longer suitable for food anyway.

Horus and mildew

The manufacturer also positions Horus as a remedy for downy mildew of grapes - mildew. see pic.:

Downy mildew of grapes - mildew

Possibly, in specific local conditions (Syngenta Crop Protection Co. Swiss company): coolness, clean air, high insolation, Horus from mildew and effective. But in the regions of lowland viticulture, following to the east from Hungary, many growers note that the use of Horus lowers the immunity of plants. Once sprinkled with it - get ready to do the same every 10 days and fight other diseases. Perhaps the point here is the elevated summer temperatures, less active insolation due to the dustiness of the air and the smaller difference between day and night temperatures than in the mountains. All this contributes to the rapid development of pathogens, but the activity of the drug is the opposite. In any case, the fact that Horus is above +25 and against mushrooms that have formed mycelium is useless. For grapes, other fungicides have proven themselves more, see video:

Video: about fungicides for grapes

Compatibility

Horus in tank mixes is compatible with fungicides Skor and Topaz. The manufacturer also declares its compatibility with drugs based on DV difenoconazole, captan, copper oxalate and penconazole, but something like is added in the notes or in small print: “Subject to preliminary compatibility testing. That is, you need to cook approx. half a liter of both solutions, drain half of them and follow: if the liquid has not changed in 2 hours (gradual precipitation is allowed in an amount of approx. the same as in the control residues), the drugs are compatible. If a precipitate immediately falls out and / or signs of a chemical reaction are observed (change in temperature and / or color of the solution, foam, bubbling) - the drugs are incompatible. For the use of Horus in conjunction with other pesticides, this drug is dissolved first.

Note: Horus, together with Skor, is recommended to be used to completely eradicate pathogenic fungi on the site.

Precautionary measures

The low mobility of cyprodinil in a humid environment makes it relatively safe for humans. The allowable operating time is determined by the shelf life of the tank solution - 2 hours. A set of PPE for working with Horus can be used simplified with a petal respirator, see fig. Spraying is highly desirable to carry out in cloudy weather, this enhances the effectiveness of the drug and the susceptibility of pathogens to it.

General precautions are standard: do not drink, do not eat, do not smoke during work. Closer than 15 m to the treated area should not be pregnant and lactating children, allergic people, sick or recovering from skin diseases. If you feel unwell, stop work immediately.

First aid measures are also common: take a glass of water with 2-4 activated charcoal powders. Wait 3-5 minutes, induce vomiting and consult a doctor.

Horus is moderately toxic for aquatic organisms, so it can be used at a typical sanitary distance from water sources and reservoirs of 50 m. The summer limit for bees for Horus is 12 hours; apiary protection zone 1.5 km.

Application procedure

Horus is not stored in the opened package, so you need to buy the drug based on the use of a whole number of packages (packaging for sale in 1, 3 and 15 g). The working solution of Horus is unstable, so it is prepared immediately before use. The sprayer tank is filled with water by a quarter, with continuous stirring, the drug is injected. Then the tank is topped up with water to the working volume and shaken several times.

Instructions for the use of Horus fungicide are given in the table:

culture	Disease	Product consumption g/10 l	Consumption of working solution l per hundred square meters / tree	Application scheme	Time of protective action, days	Waiting time before harvest, days	Permissible multiplicity of treatments
Apple tree, pear	Moniliosis, powdery mildew, scab	3	–/5*	Green cone - at the beginning of flowering. After flowering up to 3 times in 10 days	7-10***	10-15	4
cherry	Coccomycosis, clasterosporiasis, moniliosis	3	–/5*	Green cone - at the beginning of flowering. After flowering up to 2 times in 10 days	7-10***	10-15	3
Plum	Clasterosporiasis, moniliosis	3	–/5*	Green cone - at the beginning of flowering. After flowering again after 10 days	7-10***	10-15	2
Peach	Curly leaves, moniliosis, klyasterosporiosis	3	–/5*		7-10***	10-15	3
Apricot	Clasterosporiasis, moniliosis	3	–/5*	At the stage of a pink bud, at the end of flowering, if necessary, additional processing is carried out after 10-15 days	7-10***	10-15	3
Strawberries, gooseberries, black and golden currants (American)	Brown and white spotting	6	2/–	Treatment of vegetative plants before flowering	7-10***	7-10	1
Powdery mildew, gray mold	4	2/–
Grape	Oidium, gray rot	4	2/–	Treatment of vegetative plants after flowering at the first signs of the disease**	7-10***	7-10	3
Mildew	6	3/–
Sunflower	Gray rot	7	3/–	During the growing season to flowering	7-10***	–	2

For red and white currants, raspberries and other shrubby berries, the drug is not applicable, because. is able to accumulate in them through the thin cuticle of the fruit. Notes in the table: *) - sprayed according to the usual rules: until a continuous film of the solution forms on the leaves without dripping drops. Accordingly, the cost per tree is approximate. **):

1. Chorus for grapes is used when the first signs of the disease appear;
2. The period for the first spraying is from the beginning of budding to the beginning of blooming flowers;
3. The second treatment - during the formation of clusters;
4. The time of the third treatment is before the color of the berries begins to change.

And finally, ***) means that the effectiveness of the drug depends on the weather: the cooler and wetter, the longer. Resp. the minimum interval between treatments also changes.

Note: for more information on the use of Horus for fruit trees, see the video:

Video: how to use Horus for fruit trees

About fakes

Oddly enough, there are plenty of fakes of such a generally not very popular drug as Horus on the market. Most likely, the rather high price of the original affects - $ (8-10) per kg; something, but falsifiers know how to calculate the “fat”. In principle, a fake can be recognized by the shape, size and dusting of the granules, see the video:

Video: how to distinguish a fake Horus from the original

But, firstly, this way you can only test the already purchased drug, and the money for the opened package can only be returned in court. Secondly, the shelf life of the original product is 3 years. During this time, the appearance, color and amount of dust of branded granules in branded packaging can change significantly.

Look at pos. 1 fig. Circled in red is the corporate logo of Syngenta. Buying the right to use the Swiss "label" is very expensive, so the counterfeiters "take away" its elements (positions 2 and 3), which greatly complicates the presentation of formal claims to them. An unlicensed supplier, perhaps quite in good faith, buys branded VDGs (WG) in bulk and packages it in its own way, pos. 2. In this case, you need to recalculate the price of the package per 1 kg: if it is less than or equal to 10-12 USD, it is definitely a fake. If, moreover, there is rollicking self-promotion on the package (highlighted in red in pos. 2), then it is better not to take it right away. Just like a product without indicating the details of the supplier, no matter how attractive it may look, pos. 3.

Is it worth it?

Horus, as we see, is quite expensive and not a very strong fungicide. Among the means of a similar purpose, it formally does not stand out in any way, see table:

In addition to the table - a video review below.

Video: an overview of alternative fungicides to Horus

However, firstly, early spring prevention is an effective remedy against fungal diseases of fruits and berries. Moreover, if the crop or part of it goes on sale: for completely edible, but spotted, fruits, the price will have to be significantly reduced. And here the possibility of using Horus on a ripening crop also has a significant effect. Do not forget only: before the beginning of ripeness and at the first signs of the disease! Then, if not all, then a significant part of the crop can be saved without compromising its consumer and commercial qualities.

Horus in Minecraft

Chorus ID : 199 .

NID : chorus_plant .

chorus plant To orusa, to orusa- this is also called the chorus in Minecraft.

How to get:

Horus Minecraft - these are the blocks in the Edge (Ender dimension) that make up the plant. Can be grown using chorus flowers. Chorus trees are usually 10-15 blocks tall, although a single plant can be up to 22 blocks tall. You need to get a chorus plant with any ax. In the picture below you can see the chorus and flower blocks for comparison - framed and natural. The chorus itself is additionally circled in the screenshot.

Chorus plant and flower.

How to grow and collect?

Horus grows on the territory of the distant islands of the Land from flowers (chorus) on Endernak. You can plant it manually in another dimension(also on Endernyak). During growth, additional flowers may appear on the sides. The plant can reach a decent height.

The flowers must be harvested before harvesting the fruits (stalk blocks) to avoid losing the chorus seeds, as when the lower blocks are destroyed, all upper blocks are destroyed and fruits without seeds fall out. In survival mode, you can not get the plant stem. Stem Block when Harvested has a chance to drop one fruit of Horus. If a block is cut down with the rest of the plant above it, it also drops, except for chorus flowers, which must be harvested by hand.

What for?

Horus fruit can be eaten or, more simply, eaten, restoring satiety. But this can lead to the player's teleportation, and in an unknown direction. Risky?

Available and cooking in the oven in order to then apply for crafting purple blocks, which in turn will serve as a material for the manufacture of purple plates and steps. For instance.