CNC coordinate drilling machine. Classification and purpose of CNC drilling machine CNC drilling machine

With CNC, unlike conventional models, they are controlled by a special program that contains all the parameters of the processing being performed. With the help of machines of this type, it is possible to process parts of flange, body and planar types, using cutting tools for various purposes (drills, reamers, countersinks, etc.). On most machines equipped with a CNC system, it is possible to perform the entire complex of drilling and milling operations with workpieces of various shapes with high accuracy.

Varieties of CNC drilling machines

On the modern market there is an extensive range with a CNC system. So, for purchase in accordance with the needs of a particular production, the following are available today:

• CNC machines of vertical and horizontal drilling group;
• equipment with one spindle head or a set of them;
• devices on which the tool is changed manually, or special tool magazines are used;
• multi-operational with CNC, effectively used for complex processing of workpieces that differ even in complex configurations.

The machines that served as the basis for the creation of the 1st generation of CNC equipment were models 2H118, 2H135, as well as the machine of the radial drilling group 2H55. Initially, the automation of drilling machines occurred due to the installation of coordinate tables, which made it possible to automatically position the workpiece relative to the cutting tool along two coordinates. On such drilling machines, a semi-automatic processing technology was implemented, the parameters of which were set using a plug-in panel or cam mechanisms (workpiece processing depth), by changing the operating modes of the cutting tool.

CNC coordinate drilling machine model 2550OS1000MF4, produced in the 80s of the last century

This generation of automated drilling machines did not suit manufacturers with its technological capabilities, so the 2nd generation of such equipment appeared, based on the models 2R118F2, 2R135F2, etc. In improved machines, not only the movement of the desktop is automated, but also the feed of the tool. The productivity of such machines is also increased by the fact that they are equipped with an automatic turret, in which 6 cutting tools can be simultaneously fixed.

Drilling machines equipped with a CNC system are one and a half to two times more productive than manually operated equipment, and models in which tool change is automatic are three to four times more productive.

Benefits of CNC Drilling Machines

Due to the versatility that CNC-equipped drilling machines have, they can be classified in the same category as boring, as well as jig boring and consoleless milling equipment with a vertical arrangement of the working head. Since such machines are necessary to perform various technological operations, their design is performed with higher rigidity, as well as the accuracy of the layout of all constituent elements. In most machines belonging to this category, the positioning accuracy of moving structural elements is ± 0.025–0.05 mm.

On less versatile models of CNC drilling machines, positional control systems are used, and on equipment that serves to perform not only drilling, but also milling technological operations, combined control systems are used - positional and rectangular. CNC equipment belonging to the vertical drilling category is equipped with a cross-type worktable.

Manufacturers today present CNC drilling equipment in several categories:

• vertical drilling machines with one supporting column and a cross table (on machines of this type, holes with a diameter of 18–50 mm (2N135F2) can be obtained);
• single-column drilling machines of vertical type, equipped with a cross table and a turret working head (2R135F2);
• machines with a vertical layout with a cross table and a tool magazine;
• portal-type drilling machines, produced in all the above modifications (2306PF2) (on machines of this type, it is possible to form holes with a diameter of up to 60 mm; coordinate drilling machines also belong to this category).

A separate category is made up of CNC filler drilling machines, which are used for the production of furniture.

Design features of CNC drilling machines

For smooth and accurate movement of coordinate tables, which are equipped with program-controlled drilling equipment, they are mounted on rolling supports, and their movement in two directions horizontally is ensured by the “screw-rolling nut” connection. The design of the drive of such tables includes a stepper motor and a hydraulic booster.

The kinematic scheme of the main drive of CNC drilling equipment is based on a one- or two-speed electric motor and a gearbox for switching the speed of rotation of the spindle assembly.

The control of the vertical movement of the working head (Z axis) can be implemented according to several schemes:

• through the use of stops and microswitches;
• using a set of programs on a special plug-in panel;
• a set of programs on punched tape.

To expand the functionality of CNC drilling equipment and increase the efficiency of its use, various devices can be used in its equipment.

At Cutmaster, you can get a good price on a CNC drilling machine that easily handles the tasks of drilling various mounting holes, punching grooves and light milling. Moving elements of the equipment are controlled by the program, which ensures high-precision and fast processing of any parts. When working with body blanks, this technique greatly simplifies and speeds up all processes.

Types of CNC drilling machines for metal

The catalog of our company contains a large range of equipment, the extensive functionality of which is provided through the use of various devices - in particular, mounted conductors, inclined, rotary or pendulum work tables, turrets, quick-release and thread-cutting chucks. This allows customers to choose the best CNC drilling machine for their specific production process.

Machine types:

multi-operational (suitable for blanks of all configurations);

with one or a set of spindle heads;

horizontal and vertical drilling group;

with manual tool change.

When purchasing a CNC drilling machine from Cutmaster, customers receive a long-term warranty. Thanks to many years of experience in the special equipment market, we can offer the most effective and reliable solutions for any enterprise, and all this at the lowest prices.

On all equipment there are certificates. Our specialized technical department is responsible for quality control of the equipment. Consultants are always happy to help with the selection of the optimal model of a CNC drilling machine. You can also contact us for ordering components, carrying out scheduled and emergency repairs. Call us or leave a request on the site.

CNC drilling machines are designed for drilling workpieces with high precision and productivity. They are used in woodworking, metalworking workshops, in the production of various parts of any kind of complexity, as well as in other industries.

CNC drilling machine

CNC drilling machines are used to perform operations on the processing of workpieces from various materials: drilling, preparing holes for mounting fasteners or fixing parts. They are used in small and large-scale production of hull or frame structures.

Device and principle of operation

The machines consist of the following components:

• steel or cast iron base;
• desktop with a movable coordinate plane;
• stepper motors for table positioning;
• turret for fastening drills;
• caliper;
• carrier column;
• electric motor;
• spindle speed switching boxes;
• pendant control panel;
• CNC block;
• safety glass;
• cooling systems.

It is also possible to expand the functions of the equipment to solve specific problems:

• rotary or inclined mechanisms of working tables;
• installation of thread-cutting cartridges;
• installation of mounted conductors;
• replacement of standard cartridges with quick-detachable or revolving ones;
• rotary column.

The following methods can be used to program the CNC:

• set the program through the control interface;
• installation of punched cards, use of punched tapes or other storage devices;
• changing the position of special switches or the use of stops.

The operation of CNC drilling equipment is based on the following principles:

1. Programmed by the CNC or using preset settings.
2. The operator sets the workpiece, determines its placement coordinates on the desktop.
3. The coordinates are sequentially entered into the program.
4. The program calculates the trajectory of the tool or desktop when starting the machining process.
5. Drills are installed, fixed. Be sure to select their correct position inside the cartridges.
6. The program is launched for execution. The mechanical units begin to work.
7. The drill is positioned above the point specified by the program, the workpiece is processed.
8. After processing is completed, the working tool moves to its original position.
9. The control display shows a message that all tasks have been completed. Next, you need to replace the part with a workpiece, select a program, and sequentially execute the entire algorithm again.

Specifications

Main technical characteristics:

• maximum diameter of installed drills - 63 mm;
• desktop dimensions - 1.2x1.2 m;
• limit loads of blanks - up to 5 tons;
• spindle speed - from 16 to 2000 rpm;
• drill positioning speed in the plane - up to 10 thousand mm/min, and vertically - up to 3 thousand rpm;
• engine power - up to 10 kW;
• food - from one - or three-phase network.

Varieties

The following types of devices with program control are produced:

• horizontal or vertical CNC drilling machines for creating deep holes inside parts;
• central, which are used for drilling end holes in workpieces;
• radial drilling , used for processing large parts in heavy industry.

CNC coordinate drilling machine for metal by the number of spindles is:

• single-spindle, which is used to drill a hole of a certain diameter;
• multi-spindle, which allows drilling several holes of various diameters in parts in one process.

CNC Jig Drilling Machine

Selection principles

The choice of machines must be made on the basis of the following criteria:

• power unit power;
• drilling functionality - rotary table, fastening of one or a set of drills, positioning speed of the working tool;
• technical characteristics of the coordinate platform - dimensions, maximum allowable load;
• frequency of rotation of the head with a drill;
• type of cooling system installed, fluid supply method;
• parameters for moving the working tool over the table, which determine the allowable dimensions for the workpieces;
• positioning accuracy;
• CNC characteristics, ease of control, programming, data entry;
• equipment cost;
• duration of the warranty period;
• the complexity of maintenance, repairs, the availability of consumables for sale.

Exploitation

CNC drilling machines must be operated in accordance with the following requirements:

• installation is allowed only inside heated rooms with an optimal level of humidity;
• processing of workpieces that meet the requirements of the manufacturer of a particular model is acceptable;
• all components, mechanisms must be kept clean, lubricated, serviced, monitored, replaced in a timely manner, avoiding critical damage;
• before performing work, you should make sure that all units are fully operational, check the presence of protective screens, the ability of the machine to turn off in case of emergency;
• in the event of a malfunction, it is unacceptable to process the workpieces;
• it is unacceptable to drill parts from materials that do not fit the parameters of the installed drills;
• in case of interruption of the supply of coolant or oils for lubricating mechanisms, it is necessary to stop the operation of the machine for troubleshooting;
• after the start of the NC program, it is forbidden to touch the rotating or moving parts.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of drilling machines include:

• precise positioning of the drill above the surface of the part;
• multi-stage processing;
• adjustment of torque, speed, drill stroke along the center line;
• drilling at various angles;
• ease of programming the CNC, changing programs to perform various production tasks;
• automatic control of the current state of the machine;
• high reliability of mechanical parts;
• protection against overheating of the drill;
• high resource of units and mechanisms;
• many different models that allow you to move the spindle with a drill over the desktop or vice versa;
• ease of operation, maintenance, repair;
• high labor productivity;
• safety in work due to the lack of contact with dangerous mechanical components.

Disadvantages of CNC drilling machines:

• high cost of equipment;
• large dimensions and weight;
• for work the trained personnel - operators, adjusters is required.

Quality parts manufacturing

Manufacturers and cost

Models of CNC drilling machines are produced at the following enterprises:

• JSC "Astrakhan machine-tool plant";
• CJSC ComTech-Plus;
• OAO Sterlitakamsk Machine-Tool Plant;
• Plant "PromStroyMash";
• JSC "Ryazan machine-tool plant";
• OAO Kirov Machine Tool Plant.

The cost of machines, depending on their types, is as follows:

• professional radial drilling desktop - from 120 thousand rubles;
• radial drilling for critical work - from 150 thousand rubles;
• heavy industrial - from 400 thousand rubles;
• industrial radial drilling with a support rotated by 360 - from 1 million 100 thousand rubles.

Machine tools, depending on the models, may differ in the specifics of work, interaction with the operator, and also have other features. However, the basic principle of processing blanks remains.

CNC drilling machines are designed to automate the process of forming through and blind holes, countersinking, reaming. They differ from similar equipment in high speed of operations, as well as the ability to quickly change over to process parts of various configurations.

Types of machines and their design features

The presence of digital program control in the equipment makes adjustments to the design and layout. Drilling machines of this type have additional functionality and can be used for in-line production.

The main difference is the movable desktop. With the help of the feed system, it can change its position in the horizontal (longitudinal and transverse directions) and vertical planes. This is done using stepper motors or servo drives connected to an electronic control unit. Thus, the maximum rate of automation of the CNC drilling equipment is achieved.

The following design features are typical for this type of equipment:

• spindle arrangement - vertical or radial. Most often there are models with a vertical spindle and the ability to rotate the working head;
• execution - desktop or floor. For processing massive workpieces with large dimensions, a good stability index is required. Only floor models can provide it;
• revolver heads. They make it possible to use several types of drills without changing each. Changing the position of a particular drill is due to the displacement of the head;
• number of spindles. For simultaneous processing of a workpiece in complex machines, several spindles are provided.

The operation of the working head and the coordinate table is performed using the CNC unit installed in the equipment. Modern models have an electronic control unit with the ability to connect to a computer. This makes it possible to quickly compose programs for processing without intermediate activation of the machine. In the future, it is enough to load the PC into the control unit and test it.

An analogue of the turret is a tool magazine. This unit is designed for atomic change of the cutting tool in the process of material processing.

Based Specifications

The defining characteristics of CNC drilling machines are the set of functions, the parameters of the electronic control unit and the requirements for workpieces. To get acquainted with them, it is necessary to study the equipment passport.

Depending on the processing materials, CNC drilling machines can perform the formation of holes in wood or metal blanks. To perform these operations, additional nodes are provided in the equipment. For metalworking, there is a coolant supply unit and a container for collecting metal chips and dust. During the drilling of wood products, by-products are removed by air ventilation.

But despite these differences, equipment of this class has a number of common technical parameters:

• desktop feed parameters - maximum movement rates and the speed of these operations;
• frequency of rotation of the spindle head;
• rated power of the power plant of the main drive;
• allowable dimensions and weight of the workpiece;
• head design for installing a drill - classic, revolving or tool;
• coolant supply method. For metalworking equipment, the best option is to supply coolant through a drilling tool;
• positioning accuracy. To increase this parameter, hydraulic cylinders are used in the equipment. With their help, a reliable fixation of the part on the desktop is performed;
• desktop dimensions and the possibility of installing an additional structure for processing large workpieces;
• CNC parameters - type of control, methods of entering information, display devices.

Equipment of this type can operate in automatic or semi-automatic modes. In the first case, operations are performed without the participation of an employee. In the second, after each cycle, it is necessary to enter an exposing command to continue processing.

In the video you can see an example of the operation of multifunctional equipment: