Disinfection chamber in medical institutions. Chamber disinfection Disinfection treatment of bedding in hospitals

Disinfection of bedding – an event that allows you to ensure safe conditions for people to stay in an institution or residential premises. This measure significantly reduces the possibility of contracting infectious, viral or bacterial infections for a long time. Foci of tuberculosis, diphtheria, cholera, scabies, fungal diseases, etc. are disinfected.

Current disinfection bedding in places such as hospitals, clinics, hospitals and other medical institutions where the level of accumulation of pathogenic microorganisms is high. Also, as a preventative measure, disinfection should be carried out in hotels, hostels and public areas. This event will also be useful in a residential area if there is or has been an infected person there for a long time, in order to prevent further spread of the infection. Disinfection removes not only pathogenic microorganisms, but also dust mites.

Disinfection of bedding has a number of advantages over the chamber treatment method, which has already become quite common:

The time required to complete the work is significantly reduced (this includes the time of the work itself, exposure time and ventilation time);

Disinfection work is carried out on site, and this contributes to the parallel disinfection of the entire volume of premises, as well as the destruction of unpleasant persistent odors;

Cost-effectiveness of the procedure (price per 1 kg of bedding or per set: mattress, blanket, pillow);

Reduction of time and costs for disinfection of bedding due to the fact that there is no need to remove them from the premises (as, for example, during chamber processing);

This method of getting rid of infections does not spoil the bedding, unlike the chamber method, and as a result they last longer.

Thus, the advantages and necessity disinfection of bedding obvious. If you want to carry out this procedure in an institution or residential premises, call our Center for Disinfection and Epidemiology in Volgograd. We provide this service throughout Volgograd and the region. Disinfection produced by aerosol spraying of cold fog.

By contacting us, you can count on:

Using high-quality disinfectants,

Using safe disinfectants,

Fast procedure,

No additional preparation is required to disinfect bedding,

The work is carried out on site, which ensures disinfection of the entire volume and removal of odors,

Optimal price

Result guarantee.

This treatment provides a long-lasting antimicrobial effect, protecting against microorganisms for up to 38 weeks and against viruses for up to 17 days. The disinfectant has a wide spectrum of biocidal action, causing the death of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

Our center carries out disinfection for:

Medical and preventive institutions,

Dispensaries, sanatoriums,

Hotels, hostels,

Children's educational institutions,

Health camps, tourist centers,

Organizations involved in the second-hand trade

Individuals and legal entities.

If you need bedding disinfection, call us! We help each of our clients. We conclude agreements with individuals and legal entities and provide a 100% guarantee of results. Payment by all means.

Work with disinfection chambers is carried out in accordance with current instructions. Before starting work, the technical condition of the disinfection chamber itself and instrumentation must be checked. Disinfection of items in faulty cells is not permitted. It is also not allowed to process wet items in the chamber. Such things must be pre-dried.

Before loading things, the chamber is cleared of foreign objects, then the holes in the floor intended for drainage of condensate and communication with the atmosphere are checked. Do not operate if these openings are closed, as excess pressure may build up and destroy the chamber. Next, you need to check the steam lines and the serviceability of the nozzle or evaporator, if leather and fur products are intended. Before loading the first batch of things, the chamber is warmed up (with the doors closed) to a temperature of 70-80° for 10 minutes. Loaded items are freed from matches, lighters, pens, money and other items that may be damaged during processing in the chamber.

Things are loaded into the chamber evenly. The loading density and heating temperature depend on the type of infection, the disinfection method, the material (wool, cotton, fur, etc.), and the number of people washing (in disinfection-shower units). When disinfecting and disinsection of cotton and woolen items, the loading rate per 1 m2 of usable floor area of ​​the chamber is 10 sets (60 kg) in stationary disinfection chambers and 25 sets (125 kg) in mobile ones equipped with powerful steam boilers. The loading rate for leather and fur items is 4-5 sets (24-30 kg) per 1 m2.

The heating temperature is 80-98° for disinsection and disinfection of cotton and woolen items contaminated with vegetative and spore-forming forms of microbes, and 40-59° for leather, fur and rubber items. The duration of temperature rise is at least 5 minutes.

At a given temperature, things in the chamber are kept for a certain time (exposure), which depends on the form of microbes, material, and processing method. When disinsection of cotton and woolen items, the exposure time is 5 minutes; leather and fur - 30-90 min. depending on the temperature of warming things up. When disinfecting cotton and woolen items, the exposure time is 10-45 minutes. depending on the infection; leather and fur items - from 45 to 165 minutes. at a temperature of 57-59°.

Disinfection of leather and fur items is carried out with formalin introduced into the chamber after the temperature rises (before exposure). The norm of formalin per 1 m 3 of a loaded room is: 75 ml for disinfecting things contaminated with vegetative forms of microbes, and 250 ml for spore forms. These items are produced without formaldehyde.

Disinfection chambers are devices or devices for carrying out steam, steam-air, steam-formalin, air and gas disinfection and disinsection. Disinfection chambers provide reliable disinfection or disinfestation of clothing, bedding, wool, carpets, waste materials, books and other things. All other methods of disinfecting soft things, except boiling, do not guarantee complete disinfection and disinsection, and disinfection by boiling is unacceptable for outerwear, bedding (pillows, blankets, mattresses) and some other soft things. Disinfection chambers use physical (water steam, steam-air mixture, dry hot air), chemical (formaldehyde, etc.) or both disinfectants at the same time. Cameras are installed in medical and preventive and sanitary-epidemiological institutions, as well as in industrial enterprises.

Almost all disinfection chambers consist of a chamber itself (working chamber) into which things are immersed, a heat source (steam boiler, fire furnace, electric heater), control and measuring instruments (thermometers, psychrometers, pressure gauges, safety valves), equipment for introducing chemicals (nozzles, evaporators), ventilation devices (fans, steam ejectors, etc.).

Depending on the means used for disinfection, chambers are divided into a number of types. The main ones are:

1. steam-air-formaldehyde - use a steam-formaldehyde mixture and humidified heated air;
2. steam - disinfection is carried out with saturated water steam;
3. air (lean fat) - the active agent is heated air;
4. gas - use sulfur dioxide, ethylene oxide, methyl bromide, chloropicrin, etc.;
5. combined - adapted for disinfection and disinfestation with several agents (water steam, steam-air mixture, formaldehyde).

By the nature of the device, disinfection chambers are stationary, mobile and portable. Stationary cells are installed in special rooms (cell rooms), which are divided by a partition into two isolated parts or halves. Cameras are installed in the partition so that their doors open into different halves, and chamber disinfection of things takes place in clean and dirty rooms. The part of the room in which things are received for disinfection and from where things are loaded is called the loading (dirty) half, and the rooms where the cells are unloaded and things are handed out are called the unloading (clean) half. The latter contains valves, thermometers and other parts that control the operation of the chamber.

In the rooms where the cameras are installed, there must be racks for sorting things, a clock for observing the operating hours of the cells, individual lockers for work clothes and personal clothing of staff, washbasins, towels, and soap. If the heat source (steam boiler, firebox) is located outside the chamber, then convenient communication with the latter must be provided (telephone or bell alarm); There must also be a connection between the loading and unloading parts. The unloading section should contain instructions for working on each chamber, as well as internal rules.

Mobile cameras are mounted on cars. Portable cameras are collapsible and semi-collapsible and do not have their own movement for movement. Mobile and portable cameras do not require special premises, however, to protect personnel, as well as things and the cameras themselves from rain and snow and reduce heat loss, it is advisable to build a canopy over the camera or install them in closed buildings.

When working on mobile or portable cameras, the place of use should have separate racks for contaminated and disinfected items, a clock and a portable washbasin with a towel and soap.

Disinfection, depending on the resistance of the objects being disinfected to the disinfecting agent, can be steam-air, steam-formalin and steam. Disinsection can be air, air-steam or steam. Objects intended for disinfection (disinsection) are sorted before loading into the chamber, taking into account the material from which they are made, into objects for steam-air, steam-formalin, steam, air disinfection (disinsection). Heavily moistened items are dried in steam-formalin and air chambers before processing.

Before loading the first batch of objects for disinfection (disinfestation), the cold chamber is warmed up with the doors closed. Heating temperature according to the external thermometer is 50 - 60°C - for steam-formalline disinfection and steam-air disinsection of leather and fur items: 80°C - for steam-air and steam disinfection and air disinsection. At the specified temperatures, heating is carried out; within 10 - 15 minutes, if the chamber is metal, within 20 - 30 minutes, if the chamber is made of brick or concrete.

Things are loaded into the chamber from the loading compartment evenly throughout the entire working volume. The loading rate per 1 m 2 of the floor area of ​​the chamber (trolley) or 1 m 3 of the working volume of the steam chamber, and the disinfection temperature depend on the type of infectious agent, the disinfecting agent, the material of the objects being disinfected (wool, cotton, fur, etc.) . Fur and leather clothes are hung with the fur (lining) facing out, avoiding contact with each other. To better warm up the armpit area of ​​short fur coats, insert a stick 65 - 70 cm long into the sleeves or put them on special hangers. Felt boots and boots are hung with the tops down, boots are hung in nets or placed on the trolley bars.

Disinfected items are unloaded from the chamber into the unloading compartment. When unloading, fur clothing is shaken to remove drops of condensation, or kept in the unloading room (unfolded) for 10 - 15 minutes. Other objects that have received moisture as a result of disinfection are dried in the chamber itself, if there are devices for this, or in the unloading room.

The time taken to complete all disinfection work in the chambers is called the disinfection cycle. This cycle consists of warming up the chamber, loading it with things, drying things, raising the temperature and pressure to the specified values, introducing formaldehyde into the chamber (with the steam-formalline method), holding things during the action of disinfecting agents, reducing the pressure to normal atmospheric (in steam chambers) , neutralization of formaldehyde residues (during steam formalin disinfection), ventilation and unloading of things.

The average duration of individual stages of the disinfection cycle and preparation for work is:

1. preheating the chamber (steam, steam-air-formalin) and drying things - 10 - 15 minutes;
2. temperature rise (and pressure in steam chambers) - 10 - 15 minutes;
3. introducing formaldehyde into the chamber - 3 - 10 minutes;
4. exposure - from 10 minutes to 4 hours;
5. reducing the pressure in the chamber to normal (in steam chambers) - 2 - 10 minutes;
6. neutralization of formaldehyde and ventilation of the chamber with things - 10 - 40 minutes;
7. unloading things - 5 - 10 min.

The disinfection chamber is serviced by two disinfectors. One of them, located in the loading compartment, sorts objects of disinfection (disinfestation) and loads them into the chamber. Another disinfector, located in the unloading (clean) department, manages the disinfection process, unloads things from the chamber at the end of the disinfection holding time, sorts them and hands them over according to their belongings. He also keeps a log of the camera's operation. When servicing disinfection chambers by one employee, after loading the chamber, before moving to the clean part of the chamber, he is obliged to take off his robe, cap or headscarf and load them into the chamber. After this, you need to thoroughly wash your hands with soap and put on clean overalls.

Steam boilers for heat supply to disinfection chambers. Steam boilers are devices in which water is converted into steam by heating. The industry produces stationary and mobile boilers. A steam boiler consists of the boiler itself, in which steam is generated, a firebox with a grate and control and measuring equipment.

The furnace is the part of the steam boiler in which fuel is burned. Fireboxes can be internal or external. The internal ones are located inside the boiler, mainly in the flame tubes. External fireboxes are better suited for burning poor types of fuel. The fireboxes contain grates. They consist of individual grates forming a grate area. There are gaps between the grates through which air enters the firebox, the oxygen of which is necessary for the combustion process. Instead of a grate, a grate is sometimes installed in small boilers.

To regulate the operation of the boiler and the safety of the operator, each steam boiler is equipped with control and measuring instruments (fittings): a pressure gauge for measuring the steam pressure in the boiler, a water indicator glass (flat) for monitoring the water level in the steam boiler, a safety valve (lever or spring) for warning increase in pressure beyond the prescribed level. Steam boilers are also equipped with various types of shut-off valves, hand pumps, steam injectors and other devices. The maintenance and operation of boilers are determined by special rules, the implementation of which is mandatory.

Of the steam boilers serving specially stationary disinfection chambers, the most commonly used are vertical boilers of the Shukhov system, LeChapelle boilers, and boilers with vertical smoke tubes. Any steam boilers available at the site where the chambers are installed can be used.

To supply steam to mobile disinfection chambers and shower units, the industry produces steam boilers of the RI-1, RI-2 and RI-3 types, developed by engineers Ryabov and Ignatochkin. These boilers are classified as combined boilers, since their heating surface is formed by a flame tube and boiling pipes in which water circulates.

Disinfection of clothing, bedding (pillows, mattresses, blankets), leather, fur and other products is carried out in special installations called disinfection chambers.

Disinfection chambers are available in the chamber disinfection departments of disinfection and sterilization centers, in hospitals for infectious patients, as well as in multidisciplinary hospitals and maternity hospitals. Mobile disinfection chambers are available in hygiene and epidemiology centers.

Carrying out final disinfection using disinfection chambers is indicated for the following infectious diseases: plague, cholera, relapsing fever, epidemic typhus, Brill disease, Q fever (pulmonary form), anthrax, viral hemorrhagic fevers, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, tuberculosis, leprosy, diphtheria, fungal diseases of hair, skin and nails (microsporia, trichophytosis, rubrophytosis, favus), scabies.

Chamber disinfection should be carried out on the belongings of not only the patient, but also those who were in contact with him. Items subject to chamber disinfection are sorted and placed in bags separately for disinfection in different types of chambers. For all things sent to the cell, a receipt is drawn up in two copies, one of which is left with the owners of the things, and the second is sent to the cell along with the things. Things placed in bags are taken out and loaded into an ambulance immediately after they are collected. Bags with things must be sprayed with a disinfectant solution on the outside before being removed from the fire.

The cells are manufactured in a factory and are built into the building on site in such a way that the cell doors open into different isolated rooms. One door is in the loading (dirty) half, where things intended for disinfection are delivered and sorted, and the second is in the unloading (clean) half, where things are unloaded after disinfection is completed.

Depending on the active (disinfecting) agent, chambers are divided into steam, steam-formalin, and hot-air chambers.

Steam chambers. In steam disinfection chambers, the active agent is saturated water vapor. When water vapor condenses, it gives off a large amount of heat, and also quickly and deeply penetrates things and warms them up evenly. In steam chambers, disinfection is carried out with flowing steam at normal or excess pressure up to 0.2-1 atm (technical excess atmosphere), which corresponds to a temperature of 100 to 120°C. The fluidity of steam and pressure contribute to faster penetration of steam into things. When carrying out disinfection in steam chambers, care should be taken to ensure that the air is completely expelled from the chamber, otherwise the disinfection regime will be disrupted. For these purposes, steam is supplied to the steam chambers from above, and the air is forced out through openings located in the lower parts of the chamber.

Stationary steam chamber of the Krupin system. The chamber has the shape of a cylinder located horizontally (Fig. 8). The volume is 1.5 or 2.76 m3. The doors are located at the ends of the chamber and open into the loading and unloading rooms. The doors are closed using a central lock, which ensures its tightness. The inside of Krupin's chamber is made of metal, and the outside has wooden lining for thermal insulation.

The heat main leaving the steam boiler when approaching the Krupin chamber is divided into three steam lines: 1) enters the chamber from below to supply steam to the heating batteries; 2) connects to the chamber from above and enters it in the form of a perforated pipe located longitudinally above the umbrella (through which steam is supplied directly to the chamber); 3) goes to the ventilation pipe located in the upper part of the chamber closer to the loading compartment (steam through it is supplied to the siphon (tube inside the ventilation pipe) to stimulate ventilation). Two pipes extend from the chamber below. The first removes air, steam and condensate from the chamber. A thermometer is installed on this pipe to measure the temperature of the exiting steam, and in its lower part there is a valve for releasing condensate. The second pipe drains condensate from heating devices into the condensation pot (Fig. 9).

An angular thermometer is installed in the door of the chamber, which opens into the unloading compartment, and a supply ventilation hole is located slightly lower. At the top of the chamber there is a pressure gauge and a safety valve.

Heating devices are located on the floor of the chamber. An umbrella made of galvanized iron is installed under the ceiling, protecting things from condensation and direct exposure to a jet of steam. The chamber has a trolley that extends in both directions. The things in it, depending on their nature, are hung or placed on a wooden grid.

In the steam chamber of the Krupin system you can process bedding (pillows, mattresses, blankets), cotton items, as well as woolen items that are firmly dyed and straightened. Contaminated laundry should not be disinfected in this chamber, since the stains formed after treatment cannot be washed off.

Operating procedure for the steam disinfection chamber:

1. Before starting work, the chamber is warmed up to 80°C; To do this, steam is released into it through a perforated pipe.

2. The chamber is cooled to 50°C and loaded with things intended for disinfection. Wearable items are hung in the cell at the rate of 10-12 sets of clothing per 1 m2 (6 kg set), bedding is loosely placed in a cart at the rate of 50 kg per 1 m3 of the cell. After loading, the doors are hermetically sealed using a central lock.

3. Things in the chamber warm up and air is forced out of it. To do this, small portions of steam are released into the chamber through a perforated pipe from above. The valve on the source pipe is kept completely open. When the temperature of the exiting steam reaches 100°C, this indicates that the air from the chamber is practically displaced.

4. Maintaining the disinfection regime during the exposure time (Table 12). If the processing of things is carried out at normal pressure, then the exposure time begins to count from the moment the exiting steam reaches a temperature of 100°C. If the treatment must be carried out at increased pressure, then the steam output is reduced, for which the valve on the outgoing pipe is slightly screwed in, but not completely closed, in order to maintain the movement of steam. Once the set temperature and pressure are reached, the exposure count begins. Pressure and temperature during exposure are maintained by regulating the supply and release of steam.

5. Reducing the pressure in the chamber after the end of the exposure time. To do this, stop the steam supply to the chamber and fully open the valves on the outgoing and ventilation pipes.

6. Ventilate the chamber and dry things. Upon reaching normal pressure, steam is released into the heating batteries, the ejector (siphon) and the ventilation inlet is opened. Ventilation of the chamber and drying of things continues for 10-15 minutes.

7. Unloading things at the end of drying through a door that opens to the clean half.

Table 12.

Disinfection and disinfestation regime options

in steam chambers

Disinfection chambers (installations) are stationary or mobile sanitary facilities designed for disinfection of clothing, bedding, shoes and other things.

Depending on the heat agent used, disinfection chambers are divided into steam-air (steam-formalin), steam and hot-air. In steam-air disinfection chambers, items are heated with steam to a temperature of 80-98° at atmospheric pressure (without air displacement). Chambers equipped with a spray nozzle or an evaporation apparatus are also steam-formalin disinfection chambers that allow the disinfection of leather, fur and other items at a temperature of 40-59°. In steam disinfection chambers, things are disinfected with steam at a temperature of 100° and above at atmospheric or slight excess pressure.

Hot air disinfection chambers are used to disinfect clothing, bedding and other items. The active agent in these chambers is dry hot air at a temperature of 80-120°.

Stationary disinfection chambers are used in medical institutions for disinfection and disinsection of outer clothing, bedding and shoes; are divided into steam-air (steam-formalin) and steam.

Stationary disinfection chambers equipped with trolleys for hanging (stacking) and transporting disinfected items, powerful ventilation and heating devices, electric lighting and alarm systems. The room in which the disinfection chamber is installed is divided by a solid partition into two compartments: loading (“dirty”) and unloading (“clean”).

In a stationary chamber KDF-3 with a volume of 3.2 m 3 (Fig. 1), the items to be disinfected, placed on a special trolley, are heated by steam entering through perforated pipes located on the floor. The chamber is equipped with a ventilation and heating system used for drying processed items. The steam release valves and the funnel for pouring formaldehyde into the evaporator are located on the control panel.

The stationary chamber DKSK-1.8 (Fig. 2) is mounted on two separate bases: on one the chamber itself, on the other the steam boiler. The chamber is also available without a boiler for centralized steam supply.

The DKS-1.8 disinfection chamber is a body welded from sheet steel, which is surrounded by steel hoops. The cell has two doors for loading and unloading things. Clothes, previously put on hangers, are hung on strings stretched from the ceiling. The temperature inside the chamber is controlled with a mercury thermometer.

The stationary disinfection chamber KDFO-2 is produced with a steam boiler SZM-1, designed for pressure up to 0.7 kgf/cm 2 .

The main parameters and dimensions of stationary disinfection chambers manufactured by industry are given in Table 1.