Lomonosov tournament. "Before the Rain" N

ASSIGNMENTS, ANSWERS AND COMMENTS

3

Below are two poems written in the mid-19th century. Their authors are poets A. Fet and N. Nekrasov. Answer as fully as possible how these poems are similar (pay attention to both content and form) and what are the main differences between them. Identify the author of each poem and give reasons for your answer.

The swallows have disappeared
And yesterday dawned
All the rooks were flying
Yes, how the network flashed
Over there over that mountain.

In the evening everyone sleeps.
It's dark outside.
The dry leaf falls
At night the wind gets angry
Yes, he knocks on the window.

It would be better if there was snow and a blizzard
Glad to meet you with breasts!
As if in fright
Shouting out to the south
The cranes are flying.

You will go out - involuntarily
It’s hard - at least cry!
Look across the field
Tumbleweed
Bounces like a ball.

Before the rain

The mournful wind drives
I'm flocking clouds to the edge of heaven,
The broken spruce groans,
The dark forest whispers dully.

To a stream, pockmarked and motley,
A leaf flies after a leaf,
And a dry and sharp stream
It's getting cold.

Twilight falls over everything;
Hitting from all sides,
Spinning in the air screaming
A flock of jackdaws and crows.

Over the passing tarataika
The top is down, the front is closed;
And went!" - standing up with a whip,
The gendarme shouts to the driver...

“Swallows have disappeared...” - poem by A. Fet, “Before the rain” - N. Nekrasov.

Many participants in the competition beautifully and accurately formulated how the poems in question are similar.

The themes of both poems are similar. Unsightly autumn weather, rainy, evoking melancholy, creates a general mood and determines their identical gloomy coloring. Key words - wind (in Nekrasov it is mournful, in Fet it is angry); dry leaf, rooks, jackdaws and crows, cranes create a visual picture, graphic design of poems. The background sound is moans and whispers, the sound of the wind, the rustling of leaves and the cries of birds. And even the ultimate hopelessness and emptiness are in one and the other poem. The number of stanzas is the same, the epithets and personifications are similar, nature not only comes to life, but takes on real ominous features.

Polina Bogacheva,
11th grade, SSTS MSU, Moscow

The poems move in the same way: in both, the gaze first turns to the sky (“And yesterday the dawn // All the rooks flew // Yes, like a net they flashed // Over that mountain” - “The mournful wind drives // A flock of clouds to the edge of heaven”); then drops below - the second stanza in both poems describes falling leaves and cold wind. Then up again (“The cranes are flying” – “A flock of jackdaws and crows are spinning in the air with a scream”). The last stanza is a look forward and most likely into the distance: the lyrical hero of one poem looks at the field, the other at a passing tarataika.

Maria Shapiro,
11th grade, school No. 57, Moscow

Sometimes it begins to seem that they are seeing the same picture: “A dry leaf is falling” - “A leaf flies after a leaf”, “It’s dark outside” - “Twilight falls on everything”, “At night the wind is angry” - “The mournful wind is driving” . Yes, the images seem to be the same, but the characters see them differently.

Pavel Govorov,
10th grade, Lyceum No. 1, Bryansk

But perhaps even more interesting are the differences. The young authors rightly saw the difference primarily in the movement of mood. Another difference noted by many is that Fet’s poems seem more subjective than Nekrasov’s.

The main difference is that Nekrasov's poem is more adult and darker than Fet's poem.

Fet openly tells us about his feelings - sadness, despair, spiritual heaviness - and we agree with him, but, contemplating his sadness, we do not experience equally strong feelings. Nekrasov immediately paints a sad, cold picture - a mournful wind, a broken spruce, the cry of a crow, the heartless voice of a gendarme. The author himself is hiding, hiding, at the same time, as if pushing us towards what he wanted to show.

Olga Fedotova,
8th grade, school No. 654, Moscow

Fet: description of nature, one-minute, instant impressions: “You look across the field...”. The main theme is man alone with nature, the relationship between personal human experiences and the state of the world at this moment. Nekrasov: the language is harsher, a little rougher, sharper. The same nature is described, but from the outside, there is no attitude of the author to what is happening. Other characters appear (the coachman and the gendarme), which Fet cannot have, because personal, individual unity with nature will disappear.

Vera Baykovskaya,
10th grade, school No. 1199, Moscow

Nekrasov’s poem is alive, even if the beginning is sad, boring, words are used mournful, broken, moaning, dull And dark, then by the second quatrain it begins to change, barely noticeable, but the words are already visible motley And pockmarked This quatrain ends with an oxymoron dry jet and a set of rather “cool” adjectives and nouns. Further the poem will only develop in the “cool”, “dark” side. “Twilight falls over everything,” “from all sides” only noisy magpies, jackdaws and crows are circling in the air, and only in the last quatrain a faint surge of emotions appears - this is the cry of the gendarme to the coachman.

In Fet's poem in the first five-line there are memories; the author is sad without swallows, rooks and sunny days.

Ekaterina Nesterova,
7th grade, school No. 1564, Moscow

In the 3rd stanza, Fet has hope: “It would be better if there was snow and a blizzard // I’m glad to meet you with my breast!” But it ends with the antithesis of these lines, and this makes the hopelessness in it more terrible than in Nekrasov’s.

Polina Bogacheva

The feeling of hopelessness is created by the verb spinning, as if it was pointless to rush around in circles without finding a way out. The author of the first poem uses metonymy: “The dry leaf is falling.” It’s hard for the lyrical hero to realize that all that’s left of the cheerful, bright greenery of the trees is a heap of dead leaves. The lyrical hero of the second poem also sees autumn leaves, but they give him a feeling of not only sadness, but also beauty: “On a stream, pockmarked and motley, // A leaf flies behind a leaf...”. The inconsistency of the hero’s mental state is emphasized by alliteration: repetition R and soft l.

Lilia Hayrapetyan,
11th grade, school No. 654, Moscow

Nekrasov is recognized very easily - only with him, and certainly not with Fet, the landscape can end with the mention of a gendarme with a whip.

But at the same time, Fet has a lyrical hero who observes nature and feels sadness because of the arrival of autumn, i.e. man is alone with nature - and nothing more. Almost the entire action of the poem takes place above the ground: “the swallows were gone” (that is, they disappeared in the sky), “the rooks were flying // Yes, they were flashing like a net // over that mountain,” “The dry leaf is falling” (this is also a movement from top to bottom ), “The wind gets angry at night,” “Cranes are flying,” “Tumbleweed // Jumps like a ball.” Because of such an abundance of movement, a feeling of rapid change arises - and indeed, the poem is about the arrival of autumn, and first there is a reminder of summer (“The swallows have disappeared” - which means they were there), and then - a desire for winter: “It would be better if there was snow and a blizzard / / I’m glad to meet you with my breasts,” i.e. there is a starting point and an ending point for this movement. The lyrical hero “it’s hard - even cry!” - and this sadness is transmitted to everything visible: the cranes fly “as if in fright,” “the wind is angry.” Everything quickly goes somewhere: but the hero seems to remain in place and see him off, looking after him - “everyone has been asleep since the evening,” but even if you “go out” you will see tumbleweeds jumping away (and this is also a sign of autumn). And I want this transition to end sooner: “It would be better if there was snow and a blizzard...” - i.e. stable condition, winter.

From the very beginning, Nekrasov’s poem sets the mood for something else – with its title “Before the Rain.” “Before the Rain” means not a process, not the movement of time, but a sketch of a specific moment. Indeed, Nekrasov’s landscape is more figurative, forcing one to draw a very specific picture: “The broken spruce groans,” “On a stream, pockmarked and motley, // A leaf flies behind a leaf,” it’s not just getting cold or “the wind is angry” - but “a stream of dry and sharp a chill is creeping in." There is no lyrical hero assessing what is happening - there is an impartial observer who, moreover, sees not only nature and, obviously, is interested not so much in it as in the scene taking place against its background: “And “off he went!” - standing up with a whip, / / The gendarme shouts to the coachman...” The scene is placed in a strong place - the last quatrain of the poem. In principle, landscapes in Nekrasov’s poems never appear on their own, but are always associated with thoughts about the people and any social problems.

Victoria Danilova

Nekrasov introduces colloquial expressions into the poem (“tarataykoy”, “before”), bringing poetry closer to simple folk language. Nekrasov thus tries to find and recreate poetry in a non-poetic era, to poetically describe the “non-poetic” “material” (“a flock of jackdaws”, “the gendarme shouts to the coachman”).

Anton Skulachev,

In the first poem there are much more images and comparisons (“like a net flashing”, “as if in fright”, “jumping like a ball”). Most likely this is due to the fact that we see everything described in the poem through the eyes of the lyrical hero. This is a subjective picture. Therefore, there is more emotional fullness... It is the lyrical hero who compares a flock of rooks with a net, it is he who sees the mountain, thanks to him personifications like “the wind is angry” arise; “everyone has been sleeping since evening” is also his feeling, and the wind is knocking on his window. It turns out that in general the poem is dedicated to man, his feelings and expectations, and nature is shown through his perception. This suggests that the poem belongs to Fet, in whose lyrics impression comes first - it is most often the subject of the image.

In the poem “Before the Rain” the picture is extremely objective. True, there are some personifications here (the spruce groans, the forest whispers), but they, like the epithets (dark forest), are perceived as constant.

Maria Shapiro

The competition participants did not limit themselves to conveying impressions; their works contain serious observations on vocabulary, syntax, rhythm and strophic organization of poems.

In Fet's poem, the first and second stanzas are distinguished by relatively even and calm intonation, there are no exclamatory sentences or sharp syntactic shifts (enjabemans). In the second part, we are faced with sharp enjabemans (“As if in fright // Screaming...”; “If you go out, involuntarily // It’s hard...”; “Tumbleweeds // Jumping like a ball”). All this, together with the use of syntactic parallelism (“You’ll come out...”, “Look...”), as well as repetition, the deliberateness of which is emphasized and reinforced by rhyme (“field” - “tumbleweed”), makes the ending extremely expressive. The image of a tumbleweed embodies the experience of life as an endless and aimless wandering across the earth. Tumbleweeds, like leaves, are dead versions of birds. Free, swift flight, symbolized by the word swallows, contrasted with a parody of flight: “Jumps like a ball.” Behind the images of snow and blizzard there arises the image of destruction, death: life seems to be captivity, coercion, liberation from which is expected in death, and voluntary death.

Elena Erzunova,
11th grade, gymnasium No. 2, Sarov

The poems are written in the same meter - trochee, but their strophic organization is different: quatrains in Nekrasov and quintuples in Fet. Fet’s sound itself is more musical: “across the field // tumbleweeds // jumping like a ball” - alliteration, abundance P creates the feeling of a bouncing ball.

Victoria Danilova

Mostly simple verbal rhymes are used, but it is noticeable that in the first the stanza is more interesting - the stanza contains 5 lines, which creates an unusual sound. We expect cross rhyme, it seems that the end of the fourth stanza will coincide with the second, and every time this does not happen. It can be assumed that this conveys the tense anticipation of winter, which never comes. (“It would be better if I met snow and a blizzard with my chest…”) – through creating this tension in the reader. .

Maria Shapiro

Hard, almost marching Nekrasov's trochee, clear, regular stanzas - and Fetov's mixed, complex time signature with spondees and rhythm disturbances.

Vera Baykovskaya

The artistic space of Nekrasov’s poem, despite its completeness and integrity, is open - in the heart of the reader, in the vast space of a huge country, in the perspective of the destinies of the gendarme and the coachman, which is expressed by the ellipses crowning the poem.

Fet’s poem “infects” the reader with its mood - and also leaves a perspective and, despite the seemingly clear and complete depiction of the lyrical hero’s feelings, a musical perspective in his heart.

Anton Skulachev,
11th grade, school No. 1514, Moscow

To be continued

ON THE. SHAPIRO,
school number 57
Moscow

1.2.1. What mood is imbued with the poem “In the original autumn...”?

1.2.2. What role do epithets play in the poem “There is in the original autumn...”?

1.2.3. How do the pictures of autumn nature differ in the poems of F.I. Tyutchev “There is in the original autumn...” and N.A. Nekrasov "Before the Rain"?

Read the works below and complete the task ***

There is in the initial autumn

A short but wonderful time -

The whole day is like crystal,

And the evenings are radiant...

Where the cheerful sickle walked and the ear fell,

Now everything is empty - space is everywhere,

Only a web of thin hair

Glistens on the idle furrow.

The air is empty, the birds are no longer heard,

But the first winter storms are still far away -

And pure and warm azure flows

To the resting field...

F. I. Tyutchev, 1857 Before the rain

The mournful wind drives

I'm flocking clouds to the edge of heaven,

The broken spruce groans,

The dark forest whispers dully.

To a stream, pockmarked and motley,

A leaf flies after a leaf,

And a dry and sharp stream

It's getting cold.

Twilight falls over everything;

Hitting from all sides,

Spinning in the air screaming

A flock of jackdaws and crows.

Over the passing tarataika

The top is down, the front is closed;

And went! " - standing up with a whip,

The gendarme shouts to the driver...

ON THE. Nekrasov, 1846

Explanation.

1.1.2. The twenty-year-old youth is contrasted with Chichikov, a man of “middle age and a prudently cool character.” Why did the author need this? In this case, the use of antithesis helps to reveal Chichikov’s character. His cold reason is contrasted with the direct, sensual perception of the young man. Gogol wants to show how far his hero is from nature, from the purity of feelings, because he is not ready to perceive those around him as they are, unless it brings him profit.

1.2.2. In the poem “There is in the original autumn...” the poet uses the most exquisite epithets that convey his attitude towards the world around him: “wonderful time”, “crystal day”, “radiant evening”. What is behind these words? First of all, the poet wants to show his admiration for everything that surrounds him. All nature enjoys the change of seasons, the onset of the most beautiful time of the year - autumn.

"Crystal Day" is an amazing intangible gem. It cannot be touched, it can only be felt. And how happy a person should be who knows how to admire what surrounds him! "Crystal Day" in the reader's understanding seems surprisingly beautiful and transparent. The familiar outlines of objects and phenomena in the transparent air begin to seem even more pure and gentle.

Nikolai Nekrasov spoke rather disparagingly about landscape lyrics, believing that such poems are the lot of weak romantic natures who are able to turn a blind eye to the social inequality of people and enjoy the beauty of the surrounding nature. However, the poet himself repeatedly addressed this topic in his works, using landscape sketches to create or, conversely, smooth out contrast. Nekrasov also has several purely landscape poems that date back to the early period of the poet’s work. One of them is the work “Before the Rain,” created in 1846. In it, the author tried to convey that amazing moment when nature literally transforms before our eyes, preparing for the upcoming thunderstorm. It is noteworthy that in this poem Nekrasov seems to deliberately intensify the situation, selecting metaphors in such a way that they create in the reader the illusion of being on a country road, where neither man nor animals have anywhere to wait for help in case of bad weather. Moreover, the poet does not exaggerate the events, but very realistically shows that one should not expect anything good from the upcoming rain, no one is happy about it, including the gloomy forest, birds and lonely travelers.

“Before the Rain” Nikolai Nekrasov

The mournful wind drives
I'm flocking clouds to the edge of heaven,
The broken spruce groans,
The dark forest whispers dully.

To a stream, pockmarked and motley,
A leaf flies after a leaf,
And a dry and sharp stream
It's getting cold.

Twilight falls over everything;
Hitting from all sides,
Spinning in the air screaming
A flock of jackdaws and crows.

Over the passing tarataika
The top is down, the front is closed;
And went!" - standing up with a whip,
The gendarme shouts to the driver...

“Before the Rain” Nikolai Nekrasov

The mournful wind drives
I'm flocking clouds to the edge of heaven,
The broken spruce groans,
The dark forest whispers dully.

To a stream, pockmarked and motley,
A leaf flies after a leaf,
And a dry and sharp stream
It's getting cold.

Twilight falls over everything;
Hitting from all sides,
Spinning in the air screaming
A flock of jackdaws and crows.

Over the passing tarataika
The top is down, the front is closed;
And went!" - standing up with a whip,
The gendarme shouts to the driver...

Analysis of Nekrasov’s poem “Before the Rain”

Nikolai Nekrasov spoke rather disparagingly about landscape lyrics, believing that such poems are the lot of weak romantic natures who are able to turn a blind eye to the social inequality of people and enjoy the beauty of the surrounding nature. However, the poet himself repeatedly addressed this topic in his works, using landscape sketches to create or, conversely, smooth out contrast. Nekrasov also has several purely landscape poems that date back to the early period of the poet’s work. One of them is the work “Before the Rain,” created in 1846. In it, the author tried to convey that amazing moment when nature literally transforms before our eyes, preparing for the upcoming thunderstorm.

The author uses quite strong and vivid images, masterfully depicting a “mourning wind”, “a flock of clouds”, and a gloomy forest that “whispers dully”, as if condemning what is happening around. Judging by the fact that “on a stream, pockmarked and motley, a leaf flies after a leaf,” it is deep autumn in the yard. However, Nekrasov does not consider it necessary to mention this directly, since his thoughts are focused not on empty formalities, but on the dynamics of events. That is why in the poem “Before the Rain” images of frightened jackdaws and crows appear, a flock of which “circling in the air screaming,” foreshadowing imminent rain and, at the same time, bringing chaos into measured rural life.

Nature was never the main character of Nekrasov’s works, and he never made an attempt to endow her with the features of a living being. Therefore, it is quite logical that in the last stanzas of this work a new character appears - a gendarme who rides in a covered cart and shouts at the driver. And this dismissive and demanding “let’s go!” indicates that the bad weather was playing out in earnest. A little more, and heavy, wet drops of cold autumn rain will fall to the ground, which will catch travelers on the road and, perhaps, force them to seek shelter in the nearest village.

It is noteworthy that in this poem Nekrasov seems to deliberately intensify the situation, selecting metaphors in such a way that they create in the reader the illusion of being on a country road, where neither man nor animals have anywhere to wait for help in case of bad weather. Moreover, the poet does not exaggerate the events, but very realistically shows that one should not expect anything good from the upcoming rain, no one is happy about it, including the gloomy forest, birds and lonely travelers.