After all, in fact, many are familiar with the popular observation: with what mood...
Armament
Same type ships
The aircraft carrier HMS Queen Elizabeth (R08) is the largest surface warship that has been built for the Royal Navy. This aircraft carrier can be used in a variety of operations and greatly enhances the capabilities of the Royal Navy.
The aircraft carrier is named after the lead ship of the dreadnought class HMS Queen Elizabeth (1913). The new aircraft carrier HMS Queen Elizabeth received the same motto and coat of arms, decorated with a Tudor rose.
class (English) Class) aircraft carriers, the lead of which is HMS Queen Elizabeth, are versatile ships that can be used both in combat and in providing humanitarian aid and disaster relief
General information
History of creation
The Royal British Navy in the 60s of the twentieth century still remained one of the leaders in the number of aircraft carriers in its composition and was second only to the US Navy. But these aircraft carriers were developed before the Second World War or during the war. In the post-war period, aircraft carriers began to be introduced into operation of larger and heavier jet fighters, for which the flight decks of early aircraft carriers were not intended. At the same time, the physical operation of the aircraft carriers themselves was coming to an end and they had to be replaced. Therefore, in the mid-1960s, the British Admiralty began to develop a project for two new large CVA-01 class aircraft carriers class) Queen Elizabeth.
But in 1966, this project was canceled. The project of Type 82 destroyers, which they wanted to build to accompany the CVA-01 aircraft carriers, was also canceled. The reasons for the cancellation were the very high cost of building such aircraft carriers and other problems that would have arisen during construction, operation and maintenance. But The main reason for the cancellation was rather that the Ministry of Defense believed that cover east of the Suez Canal could be better provided by air force strike aircraft based in Australia and the Indian Ocean islands than by the few combat-ready aircraft carriers that remained at the time. Great Britain. The Royal Navy, however, did not completely abandon the capabilities of the aircraft carrier, and three light aircraft carriers with a displacement of 20,000 tons were built. class Invicible, which were intended to be used in the North Atlantic to counter the Soviet Northern Fleet. These ships served the Royal Navy from the early 1980s of the twentieth century until the second decade of the twenty-first century. They were used in the South Atlantic during the Falklands War, in the Adriatic Sea during during the Bosnian War, and in the Middle East in 2003 during the invasion of Iraq. When their service life expired, they were taken out of service, the last one being removed from service in 2014 was HMS_Illustrious.
By this time, a project was already in development to create two new aircraft carriers of the Queen Elizabeth class. The strategic military review of the British Ministry of Defense for 1998 stated that aircraft carriers were needed that could carry offensive aircraft abroad if foreign bases from which were denied there will be the necessary area and infrastructure, since where there are bases abroad, they are not always accessible, and the infrastructure may be completely absent; in the event of a conflict in a problem area, they will have a deterrent effect. The report also said that at present time, the emphasis is on offensive powerful aviation operations and maximum flight range in the most multi-purpose use. And that, “when the current operating aircraft carriers reach their planned service life, we plan to replace them with two larger ships.”
On 25 July 2007, Defense Minister Des Browne announced the construction of two new aircraft carriers of the class. class) Queen Elizabeth. The order was 4.085 billion pounds sterling. In December 2008, there was a financial crisis, this delayed the construction of the aircraft carrier Queen Elizabeth and added another 1.560 billion pounds sterling to the construction cost. In November 2013, the contract was revised, and amounted to £6,200 billion.
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Construction
aircraft carrier at Rosyth shipyard
Fluid Transfer International was involved in the installation of equipment for aviation fuel systems. Reverse osmosis equipment was installed, which provides 500 tons of fresh water daily on board the ship
The two lower blocks of the ship's base were connected on June 20, 2011
The third unit was delivered to Rosyth from Govan on 20 August 2011
The aircraft carrier section weighing 11,000 tons arrived on November 21
Unit LB02 was shipped from Portsmouth in May 2012 to Rosyth.
In June 2012, a bulbous bow was installed on the bow block
On 28 May 2012, sections of CB02, which make up the flight deck, were shipped from Cammell Laird to Rosyth. They were transported around the entire north coast of Scotland and delivered to the Firth of Forth.
Block LB04 was shipped in November 2012 from Govan to Rosyth, traveling south around the English coast due to poor weather, arriving at the shipyard in December for assembly.
In September 2013, a long-range radar was installed. In November of the same year, a springboard was installed.
By the beginning of 2014, almost 80% of the work was completed; in September 2015, a 3D Artisan radar was installed
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Naming ceremony
On July 4, 2014, a ceremony was held to name the aircraft carrier, the name was given to it by Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain. Instead of the traditional bottle of champagne, which is broken on the hull, she used a bottle of Scotch whiskey. Prince Philip (Duke of Edinburgh, Lord Admiral of the Royal Navy) took part in the ceremony. , George Zambellas, who was the First Sea Lord at the time, high-ranking naval officers from the US and France and some politicians.
naming ceremony
Anti-ship weapons
There are 4 small-caliber automatic guns 30 mm DS30M Mark2. The gun system consists of a Mark 44 Bushmaster gun on an automatic mount. It was designed to protect Royal Navy frigates from fast ships armed with short-range missiles, grenade launchers, machine guns, and explosives. These guns are installed on Type 23 frigates and other small ships of the Royal Navy There are also FN-MAK - Belgian 7.62 caliber machine guns and various variants of the M134 Minigun - a six-barrel machine gun with drum loading and a high rate of fire from 2000 to 6000 rounds per minute.
Aviation
Aviation team squad on the flight deck
For HMS Queen Elizabeth, 14 Merlin HM2 helicopters are allocated - a variant of the medium-capacity Agusta Westland AW101 helicopter for the Royal Navy. Nine in an anti-submarine configuration and five with an airborne detection system. The Merlin HM2 in anti-submarine equipment has 4 Sting Ray torpedoes - these are British light homing torpedoes torpedoes. The reconnaissance Merlin HM2 is equipped with the Crowsnest AEW early warning module, in Russian-language literature - AWACS, a long-range radar detection system that is installed on aircraft and is designed for long-range detection of the enemy in the air.
If necessary, a group of different helicopters can be used, such as
Merlin HC4 - a modernized Merlin HC3 (the type has larger fuel tanks and can be air-to-air refueling), which is more suitable for use in the Navy;
Wildcat AH1 - a variant of the Agusta Westland AW159 ordered for the Royal Navy. Wildcat - an improved version of the Westland Lynks, which has significant differences in design, the helicopter has undergone major modernization and has become more functional;
RAF Chinook is a heavy longitudinal military transport helicopter, a variant of the American Boeing CH-47 Chinook and
Apache AH MK1 is a licensed version of the American attack helicopter Boenig AH-46 Apache.
There are 6 seats for helicopters planned on the deck, but it can be increased to 10 seats for medium helicopters, which will allow a company of 250 marine paratroopers to be lifted into the air. The hangars can accommodate CH-47 Chinook helicopters without folding blades and the American V-22 Osprey tiltrotor.
It is assumed that the aircraft carrier will have 42 Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning II aircraft on board. Normally, the squadron consists of 12 aircraft, but during combat deployment it will be 24 aircraft plus several helicopters. The remaining 18 aircraft will either be undergoing technical inspection or in reserve to cover the aircraft carrier.
The F-35B Lightning II is a fifth-generation multirole single-engine stealth jet fighter with a short takeoff and vertical landing STOVL. With a low combat load and incomplete fuel tanks, the aircraft can take off and land vertically. With a higher load, takeoff is carried out with a short range.
The Royal Navy is developing a shipborne rolling vertical landing technique, SRVL, which allows heavier cargo to be landed vertically on the deck of an aircraft carrier, meaning pilots will not have to throw excess fuel and ammunition into the water before landing. It could also increase the aircraft's payload capacity, which is limited due to the vertical landings. This can reduce wear on engines and extend their service life, and reduce deck wear.
In a vertical landing, the aircraft slowly reaches a hovering position, then moves sideways over the deck and slowly descends. This technique places stringent weight requirements due to the thrust required to keep the aircraft in the air while it descends. With the rolling technique (SRVL), the aircraft can return on a ship with a large cargo reserve: the combination of nozzle thrust, fan and lift generated by the wing as a result of slow forward movement can save up to 7,000 feet of excess weight. Without SRVL technology, the aircraft would be forced to jettison what it had left, in sea. There is information that such technology was first used by Russian pilots on the Yak-38 aircraft
class (English) class) Queen Elizabeth marks the transition from the number of aircraft that are carried on an aircraft carrier to the number of sorties that can be made from the deck. Two elevators lift two aircraft onto the deck in 60 seconds. Aircraft undergo post-flight maintenance on the deck. The number of sorties per day can be 72. The F-35B_Lightning_II fighter has a 25 mm GAU 22 /A cannon installed in the external compartment - a four-barrel version of the 25 mm Equalizer GAU-12 cannon. This gun is being developed for the F-35 Lightning II.
In the F-35A Lightning II variant, the gun will be inside the aircraft, in the F-35B Lightning II variant - in the external weapons compartment. Unlike the five-barrel Equalizer GAU-12, the 25 mm GAU 22 /A cannon has four barrels, it is lighter, but has reduced rate of fire of 3300 rounds per minute, but at the same time improved accuracy of 1.4 milliradians. In production General Dynamics Corporation(GD)
The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II aircraft has external hard mounts to carry missiles, bombs and extra fuel tanks.
Rockets can be:
- AGM 158 JASSM - long-range air-to-surface cruise missile,
developed in the USA, manufactured by Lockheed Martin Corporation with an armor-piercing warhead weighing 454 kg.
- The AIM-120 AMRAAM is an American all-weather, medium-range air-to-air guided missile. Missiles of this class are designed to destroy air targets beyond the line of sight of the target.
- The AIM-132 ASRAAM is a British short-range air-to-air guided missile equipped with an infrared homing head based on a CCD matrix, which forms an infrared image of the target. It replaced the AIM-9 Sidewinder in the Royal Air Forces of Great Britain and Australia.
External AIM-132 ASRAAM are planned to be transported on "hidden" pylons; the missile allows you to attack slightly beyond the visible range without using radar.
- The AIM9X Sidewinder is a short-range air-to-air missile. The AIM-9X Sidewinder variant was developed by Raytheon. Features infrared focal plane array (FPA) imaging, helmet-mounted display compatibility, and a new three-dimensional thrust vector control (TVC) system. Using JHMCS, the pilot can guide the AIM-9X missile seeker and "lock" by simply looking at the target. Has the same rocket motor, fuze and warhead as the primary variant, but lower air resistance allows for increased range and speed. Also has an internal cooling system .Also AIM9X has the ability locks after startup (LOAL) This made it possible to install missiles inside the F-35 Lightning II aircraft.
The [Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II] fighter also has two internal weapons bays with four weapons stations. Two of them can carry air-to-ground missiles or bombs weighing up to 9,000 kg each in the "A" and "C" models, or air-to-ground missiles or bombs weighing up to 450 kg each in the "B" model. The other two stations are designed for smaller weapons such as air-to-air missiles.
Rockets can be:
a/installed also on external mounts
b/only for internal weapons compartment
- Brimstone anti-tank missiles are a high-tech air-to-ground homing missile. Developed by the international MDBA consortium for the British Air Force (RAF). Equipped with an active radar homing head that allows you to hit moving targets with great accuracy. In addition, there is the possibility of laser guidance.
- SPEAR3 air-to-surface missiles and possibly anti-ship missiles. The production contract was awarded to MBDA. The range is expected to be at least 100 km, although current figures for SPEAR indicate a range of more than 130 km. The missile will largely use precision technology Brimstone strike missile. It is 2 m (6.6 ft) long and will fly at high subsonic speed using a turbojet engine and wing package and will have a multi-mode seeker with INS/GPS guidance and a data link. These missiles are planned by the UK Ministry of Defense to be deployed in internal compartments of the F-35B Lightning_II fighter with 4 missiles per compartment
F35B fighter - landing using SRVL technique
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- The long-range radar above the forward superstructure can track up to 1,000 contacts in the air or at sea within a 250-mile radius;
- The Artisan 3D radar above the aft superstructure can track a tennis ball moving at three times the speed of sound.;
- Class(English) Class ) Queen Elizabeth will fly the F35B Lightning II strike fighter, as well as any type of helicopter used by the UK Armed Forces.;
- Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning II can fly at a speed equal to Mach 1.6;
- Class Queen Elizabeth offers 72 fixed flights per day, which may increase for a limited period of time;
- A new technique called "Vertical Rolling Landing" for landing on a Queen El-class aircraft carrier for coalition operations. If we look at the experience of using the [French aircraft carrier] Charles de Gaulle, as a rule, 10-12 aircraft, no more, participate in combat sorties from the deck. I think it will be the same here,” Frolov said.
However, for the British armed forces, obviously, such a combat scenario seems more likely, since the “sistership” Queen Elizabeth, the aircraft carrier Prince of Wales, is already being built at a shipyard in Scotland.
